{ "Type": "ACC", "EnglishName": "Accusative Case", "IndoName": "Naṣb (Akusatif)", "Description": "I‘rāb Naṣb adalah keadaan i‘rāb yang menandai berbagai fungsi sintaksis, seperti maf‘ūl bih (objek), ḥāl, beberapa jenis ẓarf dan maf‘ūl, isim inna dan saudara-saudaranya, khabar kāna dan saudara-saudaranya, serta fi‘il muḍāri‘ yang menjadi manṣūb karena unsur penashab. Tanda Naṣb dapat berupa fatḥah, alif, yā’, atau penghapusan nūn, sesuai jenis kata.", "DataTables": [ { "IndoName": "Tanda-Tanda Naṣb", "RowsData": [ [ "Jenis Kata", "Tanda Naṣb", "Contoh Arab", "Arti Indonesia" ], [ "Isim mufrad / jamak taksir", "فَتْحَة", "رَأَيْتُ رَجُلًا", "Aku melihat seorang laki-laki" ], [ "Isim tatsniyah", "يَاء", "رَأَيْتُ رَجُلَيْنِ", "Aku melihat dua orang laki-laki" ], [ "Jamak mudzakkar sālīm", "يَاء", "رَأَيْتُ مُؤْمِنِينَ", "Aku melihat orang-orang beriman" ], [ "Isim khamsah", "أَلِف", "إِنَّ أَبَاكَ كَرِيمٌ", "Sesungguhnya ayahmu mulia" ], [ "Fi‘il muḍāri‘", "فَتْحَة / حَذْفُ النُّون", "لَنْ يَفْعَلَ", "Dia tidak akan melakukan" ] ] }, { "IndoName": "Huruf dan Unsur yang Menjadikan Fi‘il Muḍāri‘ Manṣūb", "RowsData": [ [ "Huruf / Unsur", "Makna (Indonesia)", "Cara Menashabkan", "Contoh Arab", "Arti Indonesia" ], [ "أَنْ", "untuk / bahwa", "menashabkan fi‘il muḍāri‘ secara langsung", "أُرِيدُ أَنْ أَتَعَلَّمَ", "Aku ingin belajar" ], [ "لَنْ", "tidak akan", "menashabkan fi‘il muḍāri‘ secara langsung dan meniadakan perbuatan pada masa mendatang", "لَنْ يَفْعَلَ", "Dia tidak akan melakukan" ], [ "كَيْ", "agar / supaya", "menunjukkan tujuan dan menashabkan fi‘il muḍāri‘", "أَدْرُسُ كَيْ أَنْجَحَ", "Aku belajar agar berhasil" ], [ "إِذَنْ", "kalau begitu / maka", "menashabkan fi‘il muḍāri‘ jika syarat-syarat penggunaannya terpenuhi", "إِذَنْ أُكْرِمَكَ", "Kalau begitu, aku akan memuliakanmu" ], [ "حَتَّى", "hingga / sampai / agar", "fi‘il muḍāri‘ sesudahnya menjadi manṣūb dengan أَنْ yang tersirat dalam konstruksi yang memenuhi syarat", "سَأَسِيرُ حَتَّى أَبْلُغَ الْمَدِينَةَ", "Aku akan berjalan hingga mencapai kota" ], [ "لَامُ التَّعْلِيلِ", "agar / untuk", "fi‘il muḍāri‘ sesudahnya menjadi manṣūb dengan أَنْ yang tersirat", "جِئْتُ لِأَتَعَلَّمَ", "Aku datang untuk belajar" ], [ "لَامُ الْجُحُودِ", "tidak mungkin / bukanlah untuk", "muncul setelah كَانَ atau يَكُنْ yang dinegasikan; fi‘il sesudahnya manṣūb dengan أَنْ yang tersirat", "مَا كَانَ اللَّهُ لِيَظْلِمَهُمْ", "Allah tidaklah akan menzalimi mereka" ], [ "فَاءُ السَّبَبِيَّةِ", "maka / sehingga", "fi‘il muḍāri‘ sesudahnya menjadi manṣūb dengan أَنْ yang tersirat apabila didahului negasi atau permintaan", "لَا تُهْمِلْ فَتَنْدَمَ", "Jangan lalai sehingga kamu menyesal" ], [ "وَاوُ الْمَعِيَّةِ", "bersamaan dengan / sambil", "fi‘il muḍāri‘ sesudahnya menjadi manṣūb dengan أَنْ yang tersirat apabila didahului negasi atau permintaan", "لَا تَنْهَ عَنْ خُلُقٍ وَتَأْتِيَ مِثْلَهُ", "Jangan melarang suatu perilaku sementara kamu sendiri melakukannya" ], [ "أَوْ", "hingga / kecuali jika / atau", "dalam makna tertentu, fi‘il muḍāri‘ sesudahnya menjadi manṣūb dengan أَنْ yang tersirat", "لَأَلْزَمَنَّكَ أَوْ تُعْطِيَنِي حَقِّي", "Aku akan terus menuntutmu hingga kamu memberikan hakku" ] ] } ], "DataTablesEng": [ { "EnglishName": "Signs of the Accusative Case", "RowsData": [ [ "Word Type", "Accusative Marker", "Arabic Example", "English Meaning" ], [ "Singular noun / broken plural", "فَتْحَة", "رَأَيْتُ رَجُلًا", "I saw a man" ], [ "Dual noun", "يَاء", "رَأَيْتُ رَجُلَيْنِ", "I saw two men" ], [ "Sound masculine plural", "يَاء", "رَأَيْتُ مُؤْمِنِينَ", "I saw believers" ], [ "The five nouns (al-asmā’ al-khamsah)", "أَلِف", "إِنَّ أَبَاكَ كَرِيمٌ", "Indeed, your father is generous" ], [ "Imperfect verb (fi‘il muḍāri‘)", "فَتْحَة / حَذْفُ النُّون", "لَنْ يَفْعَلَ", "He will not do" ] ] }, { "EnglishName": "Particles and Constructions That Make an Imperfect Verb Subjunctive", "RowsData": [ [ "Particle / Construction", "English Meaning", "How It Governs the Verb", "Arabic Example", "English Meaning of Example" ], [ "أَنْ", "to / that", "directly causes the following imperfect verb to become subjunctive (manṣūb)", "أُرِيدُ أَنْ أَتَعَلَّمَ", "I want to learn" ], [ "لَنْ", "will not", "directly causes the following imperfect verb to become subjunctive and negates a future action", "لَنْ يَفْعَلَ", "He will not do" ], [ "كَيْ", "so that / in order to", "expresses purpose and causes the following imperfect verb to become subjunctive", "أَدْرُسُ كَيْ أَنْجَحَ", "I study so that I may succeed" ], [ "إِذَنْ", "then / in that case", "causes the following imperfect verb to become subjunctive when its grammatical conditions are fulfilled", "إِذَنْ أُكْرِمَكَ", "Then I will honor you" ], [ "حَتَّى", "until / so that", "the following imperfect verb becomes subjunctive through an implied أَنْ when the grammatical conditions are fulfilled", "سَأَسِيرُ حَتَّى أَبْلُغَ الْمَدِينَةَ", "I will walk until I reach the city" ], [ "لَامُ التَّعْلِيلِ", "in order to / so that", "the following imperfect verb becomes subjunctive through an implied أَنْ", "جِئْتُ لِأَتَعَلَّمَ", "I came in order to learn" ], [ "لَامُ الْجُحُودِ", "would not / could not", "occurs after a negated form of كَانَ; the following imperfect verb becomes subjunctive through an implied أَنْ", "مَا كَانَ اللَّهُ لِيَظْلِمَهُمْ", "Allah would not wrong them" ], [ "فَاءُ السَّبَبِيَّةِ", "so / and consequently", "the following imperfect verb becomes subjunctive through an implied أَنْ when preceded by negation or a construction expressing a request", "لَا تُهْمِلْ فَتَنْدَمَ", "Do not be negligent, lest you regret it" ], [ "وَاوُ الْمَعِيَّةِ", "while / together with", "the following imperfect verb becomes subjunctive through an implied أَنْ when preceded by negation or a construction expressing a request", "لَا تَنْهَ عَنْ خُلُقٍ وَتَأْتِيَ مِثْلَهُ", "Do not forbid a behavior while committing the same behavior yourself" ], [ "أَوْ", "until / unless / or", "in certain meanings, the following imperfect verb becomes subjunctive through an implied أَنْ", "لَأَلْزَمَنَّكَ أَوْ تُعْطِيَنِي حَقِّي", "I will keep demanding from you until you give me my right" ] ] } ], "Penjelasan": [ { "IndoName": "Naṣb dikenali dari tanda i‘rāb pada akhir kata", "EngName": "Naṣb is identified by case markers at word endings", "ArabicExamples": [ "زَيْدًا", "الْمُسْلِمِينَ", "الطَّالِبَيْنِ" ], "IndoExamples": [ "زَيْدًا memakai fatḥah karena berupa isim mufrad yang manṣūb.", "الْمُسْلِمِينَ memakai yā’ karena berupa jamak mudzakkar sālīm yang manṣūb.", "الطَّالِبَيْنِ memakai yā’ karena berupa isim tatsniyah yang manṣūb." ], "EngExamples": [ "زَيْدًا takes fatḥah because it is a singular noun in the accusative case.", "الْمُسْلِمِينَ takes yā’ because it is a sound masculine plural in the accusative case.", "الطَّالِبَيْنِ takes yā’ because it is a dual noun in the accusative case." ] }, { "IndoName": "Naṣb terjadi karena ‘āmil atau fungsi sintaksis tertentu", "EngName": "Naṣb is caused by a governing element or syntactic function", "ArabicExamples": [ "إِنَّ زَيْدًا عَالِمٌ", "رَأَيْتُ رَجُلًا" ], "IndoExamples": [ "Dalam إِنَّ زَيْدًا عَالِمٌ, زَيْدًا manṣūb karena menjadi isim إِنَّ.", "Dalam رَأَيْتُ رَجُلًا, رَجُلًا manṣūb karena menjadi maf‘ūl bih dari fi‘il رَأَيْتُ." ], "EngExamples": [ "In إِنَّ زَيْدًا عَالِمٌ, زَيْدًا is accusative because it is the noun of إِنَّ.", "In رَأَيْتُ رَجُلًا, رَجُلًا is accusative because it is the direct object (maf‘ūl bih) of رَأَيْتُ." ] }, { "IndoName": "Huruf jar menjadikan isim berstatus Jarr, bukan Naṣb", "EngName": "A preposition makes a noun genitive, not accusative", "ArabicExamples": [ "رَأَيْتُ زَيْدًا" ], "IndoExamples": [ "Dalam رَأَيْتُ زَيْدًا, زَيْدًا manṣūb sebagai maf‘ūl bih. Jika didahului huruf jar, misalnya مَرَرْتُ بِزَيْدٍ, statusnya menjadi Jarr: زَيْدٍ." ], "EngExamples": [ "In رَأَيْتُ زَيْدًا, زَيْدًا is accusative as the direct object. When preceded by a preposition, as in مَرَرْتُ بِزَيْدٍ, it becomes genitive: زَيْدٍ." ] }, { "IndoName": "Kata pengikut mengikuti kata manṣūb dalam i‘rāb", "EngName": "A dependent follows an accusative word in grammatical case", "ArabicExamples": [ "رَأَيْتُ رَجُلًا صَالِحًا" ], "IndoExamples": [ "Dalam رَأَيْتُ رَجُلًا صَالِحًا, صَالِحًا adalah na‘at yang mengikuti رَجُلًا dalam status Naṣb." ], "EngExamples": [ "In رَأَيْتُ رَجُلًا صَالِحًا, صَالِحًا is an adjective (na‘at) that follows رَجُلًا in the accusative case." ] }, { "IndoName": "Naṣb dapat menunjukkan hubungan objek atau ketergantungan sintaksis terhadap fi‘il atau partikel", "EngName": "Naṣb may mark an object relation or syntactic dependency on a verb or particle", "ArabicExamples": [ "ضَرَبَ زَيْدٌ عَمْرًا", "لَنْ يَفْعَلَ" ], "IndoExamples": [ "Dalam ضَرَبَ زَيْدٌ عَمْرًا, عَمْرًا manṣūb karena menjadi maf‘ūl bih yang dikenai perbuatan.", "Dalam لَنْ يَفْعَلَ, يَفْعَلَ adalah fi‘il muḍāri‘ manṣūb setelah لَنْ." ], "EngExamples": [ "In ضَرَبَ زَيْدٌ عَمْرًا, عَمْرًا is accusative because it is the direct object affected by the action.", "In لَنْ يَفْعَلَ, يَفْعَلَ is an imperfect verb in the subjunctive mood after لَنْ." ] }, { "IndoName": "Bentuk tanda i‘rāb berubah ketika status gramatikal berubah", "EngName": "The case marker changes when the grammatical case changes", "ArabicExamples": [ "زَيْدٌ", "زَيْدًا", "زَيْدٍ" ], "IndoExamples": [ "زَيْدٌ memakai ḍammah karena berstatus Rafa‘ (marfū‘).", "زَيْدًا memakai fatḥah karena berstatus Naṣb (manṣūb).", "زَيْدٍ memakai kasrah karena berstatus Jarr (majrūr)." ], "EngExamples": [ "زَيْدٌ takes ḍammah because it is in the nominative case (marfū‘).", "زَيْدًا takes fatḥah because it is in the accusative case (manṣūb).", "زَيْدٍ takes kasrah because it is in the genitive case (majrūr)." ] }, { "IndoName": "Naṣb banyak dipakai pada unsur penjelas seperti tamyīz", "EngName": "Naṣb often marks explanatory elements such as tamyīz", "ArabicExamples": [ "طَابَ زَيْدٌ نَفْسًا", "اِشْتَعَلَ الرَّأْسُ شَيْبًا" ], "IndoExamples": [ "Dalam طَابَ زَيْدٌ نَفْسًا, نَفْسًا berfungsi sebagai tamyīz yang manṣūb.", "Dalam اِشْتَعَلَ الرَّأْسُ شَيْبًا, شَيْبًا adalah tamyīz manṣūb yang menjelaskan makna kalimat." ], "EngExamples": [ "In طَابَ زَيْدٌ نَفْسًا, نَفْسًا functions as an accusative specification (tamyīz).", "In اِشْتَعَلَ الرَّأْسُ شَيْبًا, شَيْبًا is an accusative tamyīz that clarifies the meaning of the sentence." ] }, { "IndoName": "Fi‘il transitif menashabkan maf‘ūl bih", "EngName": "A transitive verb assigns accusative case to its direct object", "ArabicExamples": [ "ضَرَبَ زَيْدٌ عَمْرًا" ], "IndoExamples": [ "Dalam ضَرَبَ زَيْدٌ عَمْرًا, عَمْرًا adalah maf‘ūl bih dan berstatus Naṣb karena fi‘il ضَرَبَ bersifat transitif." ], "EngExamples": [ "In ضَرَبَ زَيْدٌ عَمْرًا, عَمْرًا is the direct object (maf‘ūl bih) and is accusative because ضَرَبَ is a transitive verb." ] }, { "IndoName": "Inna dan saudara-saudaranya menashabkan isimnya", "EngName": "Inna and its sisters assign accusative case to their noun", "ArabicExamples": [ "إِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ" ], "IndoExamples": [ "Dalam إِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ, اللَّهَ adalah isim إِنَّ sehingga berstatus Naṣb, sedangkan غَفُورٌ adalah khabar إِنَّ dan berstatus Rafa‘." ], "EngExamples": [ "In إِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ, اللَّهَ is the noun of إِنَّ and is therefore accusative, while غَفُورٌ is the predicate of إِنَّ and is nominative." ] }, { "IndoName": "Kāna dan saudara-saudaranya menashabkan khabarnya", "EngName": "Kāna and its sisters assign accusative case to their predicate", "ArabicExamples": [ "كَانَ اللَّهُ غَفُورًا" ], "IndoExamples": [ "Dalam كَانَ اللَّهُ غَفُورًا, اللَّهُ adalah isim كَانَ dan berstatus Rafa‘, sedangkan غَفُورًا adalah khabarnya dan berstatus Naṣb." ], "EngExamples": [ "In كَانَ اللَّهُ غَفُورًا, اللَّهُ is the noun of كَانَ and is nominative, while غَفُورًا is its predicate and is accusative." ] }, { "IndoName": "Unsur penashab menjadikan fi‘il muḍāri‘ berstatus Naṣb", "EngName": "A subjunctive governor makes an imperfect verb subjunctive", "ArabicExamples": [ "لَنْ يَفْعَلَ", "كَيْ يَنْجَحَ" ], "IndoExamples": [ "Dalam لَنْ يَفْعَلَ, يَفْعَلَ adalah fi‘il muḍāri‘ manṣūb setelah لَنْ.", "Dalam كَيْ يَنْجَحَ, يَنْجَحَ adalah fi‘il muḍāri‘ manṣūb setelah كَيْ." ], "EngExamples": [ "In لَنْ يَفْعَلَ, يَفْعَلَ is an imperfect verb in the subjunctive mood after لَنْ.", "In كَيْ يَنْجَحَ, يَنْجَحَ is an imperfect verb in the subjunctive mood after كَيْ." ] }, { "IndoName": "Mustatsnā setelah إِلَّا dapat berstatus Naṣb sesuai jenis istitsnā’", "EngName": "The excepted noun after illā may be accusative depending on the type of exception", "ArabicExamples": [ "جَاءَ الْقَوْمُ إِلَّا زَيْدًا" ], "IndoExamples": [ "Dalam جَاءَ الْقَوْمُ إِلَّا زَيْدًا, زَيْدًا adalah mustatsnā yang manṣūb pada istitsnā’ tām mūjab." ], "EngExamples": [ "In جَاءَ الْقَوْمُ إِلَّا زَيْدًا, زَيْدًا is the excepted noun (mustatsnā) in the accusative case in a complete affirmative exception." ] }, { "IndoName": "Munādā tertentu berstatus Naṣb, seperti munādā muḍāf", "EngName": "Certain vocatives are accusative, such as a construct-state vocative", "ArabicExamples": [ "يَا عَبْدَ اللَّهِ" ], "IndoExamples": [ "Dalam يَا عَبْدَ اللَّهِ, عَبْدَ adalah munādā muḍāf dan berstatus Naṣb." ], "EngExamples": [ "In يَا عَبْدَ اللَّهِ, عَبْدَ is a construct-state vocative (munādā muḍāf) and is accusative." ] }, { "IndoName": "Naṣb pada maf‘ūl bih menandai pihak yang dikenai perbuatan", "EngName": "Accusative case on a direct object marks the participant affected by the action", "ArabicExamples": [ "ضَرَبَ زَيْدٌ عَمْرًا" ], "IndoExamples": [ "Dalam ضَرَبَ زَيْدٌ عَمْرًا, عَمْرًا adalah pihak yang menerima dampak perbuatan sehingga berfungsi sebagai maf‘ūl bih dan berstatus Naṣb." ], "EngExamples": [ "In ضَرَبَ زَيْدٌ عَمْرًا, عَمْرًا is the participant affected by the action, so it functions as the direct object and is accusative." ] } ], "DescriptionEn": "Naṣb is an Arabic grammatical case or mood used in several syntactic functions, including the direct object (maf‘ūl bih), circumstantial expressions (ḥāl), certain adverbial and maf‘ūl constructions, the noun of inna and its sisters, the predicate of kāna and its sisters, and an imperfect verb in the subjunctive mood when governed by a relevant particle or construction. Its markers may be fatḥah, alif, yā’, or deletion of nūn, depending on the word form." }