{
  "Type": "Al+",
  "EnglishName": "Definite State",
  "IndoName": "Isim Ma‘rifah (Definite)",
  "Description": "Menandai keadaan ma‘rifah (definite), yaitu nomina yang rujukannya tertentu atau dapat diidentifikasi dalam konteks. Dalam Quranic Arabic Corpus, DEF (مَعْرِفَة) merupakan fitur state dan berlawanan dengan INDEF (نَكِرَة). Prefiks artikel definit al- ditandai secara terpisah dengan fitur Al+. Dalam tata bahasa Arab, kema‘rifahan dapat berasal dari artikel al-, kata ganti, nama diri, isim isyarah, isim maushul, atau konstruksi idhafah kepada unsur yang ma‘rifah.",
  "DescriptionEn": "Marks the definite state (ma‘rifah), in which a nominal has a specific or contextually identifiable referent. In the Quranic Arabic Corpus, DEF (مَعْرِفَة) is a state feature and contrasts with INDEF (نَكِرَة). The prefixed definite article al- is separately marked by the feature Al+. In Arabic grammar, definiteness may arise from the definite article al-, pronouns, proper nouns, demonstratives, relative pronouns, or an idafah construction whose second term is definite.",
  "DataTables": [
    {
      "IndoName": "Fitur DEF dan Al+ dalam Quranic Arabic Corpus",
      "RowsData": [
        [
          "Fitur",
          "Istilah Arab",
          "Fungsi",
          "Contoh"
        ],
        [
          "DEF",
          "مَعْرِفَة",
          "Menandai state ma‘rifah atau definite pada nomina",
          "ٱلْكِتَابُ"
        ],
        [
          "INDEF",
          "نَكِرَة",
          "Menandai state nakirah atau indefinite pada nomina",
          "كِتَابٌ"
        ],
        [
          "Al+",
          "أَدَاةُ التَّعْرِيفِ (الـ)",
          "Menandai prefiks artikel definit al- yang melekat pada nominal",
          "ٱلْكِتَابُ"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "IndoName": "Jenis-jenis Isim Ma‘rifah",
      "RowsData": [
        [
          "Jenis",
          "Istilah Arab",
          "Penanda / Keterangan",
          "Contoh"
        ],
        [
          "Dengan Al-",
          "الْمُعَرَّفُ بِالـ",
          "Nomina menjadi ma‘rifah dengan artikel definit الـ",
          "ٱلْكِتَابُ"
        ],
        [
          "Dhamir",
          "الضَّمِيرُ",
          "Kata ganti pada dasarnya ma‘rifah",
          "هُوَ"
        ],
        [
          "Nama Diri",
          "الْعَلَمُ",
          "Nama diri menunjuk referen tertentu",
          "مُوسَىٰ"
        ],
        [
          "Isim Isyarah",
          "اسْمُ الْإِشَارَةِ",
          "Kata tunjuk menunjuk referen tertentu",
          "هَٰذَا"
        ],
        [
          "Isim Maushul",
          "الِاسْمُ الْمَوْصُولُ",
          "Kata relatif yang rujukannya ditentukan oleh silah",
          "ٱلَّذِي"
        ],
        [
          "Idhafah kepada Ma‘rifah",
          "الْمُضَافُ إِلَى مَعْرِفَةٍ",
          "Muḍāf menjadi ma‘rifah apabila diidhafahkan kepada unsur yang ma‘rifah",
          "بَيْتُ ٱللَّهِ"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "IndoName": "Kaidah Penting tentang Ma‘rifah",
      "RowsData": [
        [
          "Kaidah",
          "Penjelasan",
          "Contoh"
        ],
        [
          "Al- dan tanwin",
          "Nomina yang memakai artikel definit الـ tidak menerima tanwin",
          "ٱلرَّجُلُ"
        ],
        [
          "Nama diri dan tanwin",
          "Sebagian nama diri tetap ma‘rifah meskipun menerima tanwin; jadi tanwin tidak selalu berarti nakirah",
          "مُحَمَّدٌ"
        ],
        [
          "Idhafah",
          "Muḍāf tidak menerima الـ atau tanwin; jika muḍāf ilayh ma‘rifah, keseluruhan konstruksi menjadi definite",
          "كِتَابُهُ"
        ],
        [
          "DEF dan INDEF",
          "Dalam corpus, DEF dan INDEF merupakan dua nilai state yang berlawanan",
          "ٱلْكِتَابُ / كِتَابٌ"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "DataTablesEng": [
    {
      "EnglishName": "DEF and Al+ Features in the Quranic Arabic Corpus",
      "RowsData": [
        [
          "Feature",
          "Arabic Term",
          "Function",
          "Example"
        ],
        [
          "DEF",
          "مَعْرِفَة",
          "Marks the definite state (ma‘rifah) of a noun",
          "ٱلْكِتَابُ"
        ],
        [
          "INDEF",
          "نَكِرَة",
          "Marks the indefinite state (nakirah) of a noun",
          "كِتَابٌ"
        ],
        [
          "Al+",
          "أَدَاةُ التَّعْرِيفِ (الـ)",
          "Marks the prefixed definite article al- attached to a nominal",
          "ٱلْكِتَابُ"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "EnglishName": "Types of Definite Nouns (Ma‘rifah)",
      "RowsData": [
        [
          "Type",
          "Arabic Term",
          "Marker / Description",
          "Example"
        ],
        [
          "With Al-",
          "الْمُعَرَّفُ بِالـ",
          "A nominal becomes definite with the definite article al-",
          "ٱلْكِتَابُ"
        ],
        [
          "Pronoun",
          "الضَّمِيرُ",
          "Pronouns are inherently definite",
          "هُوَ"
        ],
        [
          "Proper Noun",
          "الْعَلَمُ",
          "A proper noun refers to a specific entity",
          "مُوسَىٰ"
        ],
        [
          "Demonstrative",
          "اسْمُ الْإِشَارَةِ",
          "A demonstrative points to a specific referent",
          "هَٰذَا"
        ],
        [
          "Relative Pronoun",
          "الِاسْمُ الْمَوْصُولُ",
          "A relative pronoun whose referent is identified by its relative clause",
          "ٱلَّذِي"
        ],
        [
          "Idafah to a Definite Term",
          "الْمُضَافُ إِلَى مَعْرِفَةٍ",
          "A mudaf becomes definite when it is annexed to a definite second term",
          "بَيْتُ ٱللَّهِ"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "EnglishName": "Important Rules about Definiteness",
      "RowsData": [
        [
          "Rule",
          "Explanation",
          "Example"
        ],
        [
          "Al- and tanwin",
          "A nominal with the definite article al- does not take tanwin",
          "ٱلرَّجُلُ"
        ],
        [
          "Proper nouns and tanwin",
          "Some proper nouns remain definite even when they take tanwin; tanwin therefore does not always indicate indefiniteness",
          "مُحَمَّدٌ"
        ],
        [
          "Idafah",
          "A mudaf does not take al- or tanwin; when the mudaf ilayh is definite, the whole construction is definite",
          "كِتَابُهُ"
        ],
        [
          "DEF and INDEF",
          "In the corpus, DEF and INDEF are contrasting values of the state feature",
          "ٱلْكِتَابُ / كِتَابٌ"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "Penjelasan": [
    {
      "IndoName": "Menunjukkan rujukan tertentu atau dapat diidentifikasi",
      "EngName": "Indicates a specific or identifiable referent",
      "ArabicExamples": [
        "ٱلْكِتَابُ",
        "هَٰذَا"
      ],
      "IndoExamples": [
        "kitab itu",
        "ini"
      ],
      "EngExamples": [
        "the Book",
        "this"
      ]
    },
    {
      "IndoName": "Tidak semua isim ma‘rifah bebas dari tanwin",
      "EngName": "Not all definite nouns are without tanwin",
      "ArabicExamples": [
        "ٱلرَّجُلُ",
        "مُحَمَّدٌ"
      ],
      "IndoExamples": [
        "orang itu",
        "Muhammad"
      ],
      "EngExamples": [
        "the man",
        "Muhammad"
      ]
    },
    {
      "IndoName": "Dapat menjadi ma‘rifah dengan artikel Al-",
      "EngName": "Can become definite with the article Al-",
      "ArabicExamples": [
        "ٱلْبَيْتُ",
        "ٱلرَّجُلُ"
      ],
      "IndoExamples": [
        "rumah itu",
        "orang itu"
      ],
      "EngExamples": [
        "the house",
        "the man"
      ]
    },
    {
      "IndoName": "Dapat menjadi ma‘rifah karena idhafah kepada unsur ma‘rifah",
      "EngName": "Can become definite through idafah to a definite term",
      "ArabicExamples": [
        "بَيْتُ ٱللَّهِ",
        "كِتَابُهُ"
      ],
      "IndoExamples": [
        "rumah Allah",
        "kitabnya"
      ],
      "EngExamples": [
        "the House of Allah",
        "his book"
      ]
    },
    {
      "IndoName": "Sebagian jenis kata pada dasarnya ma‘rifah",
      "EngName": "Some word classes are inherently definite",
      "ArabicExamples": [
        "هُوَ",
        "مُوسَىٰ"
      ],
      "IndoExamples": [
        "dia",
        "Musa"
      ],
      "EngExamples": [
        "he",
        "Moses"
      ]
    },
    {
      "IndoName": "DEF berlawanan dengan INDEF dalam fitur state corpus",
      "EngName": "DEF contrasts with INDEF in the corpus state feature",
      "ArabicExamples": [
        "ٱلْكِتَابُ",
        "كِتَابٌ"
      ],
      "IndoExamples": [
        "kitab itu",
        "sebuah kitab"
      ],
      "EngExamples": [
        "the book",
        "a book"
      ]
    }
  ]
}