{
  "Type": "GEN",
  "EnglishName": "Genitive Case",
  "IndoName": "Majrūr (Kasus Genitif)",
  "Description": "Menandai kasus genitif (majrūr) pada unsur nominal. Dalam tata bahasa Arab, isim menjadi majrūr terutama setelah huruf jar, sebagai muḍāf ilayh dalam konstruksi iḍāfah, atau sebagai tābi‘ yang mengikuti unsur majrūr. Tanda jar yang umum adalah kasrah; yā’ digunakan pada isim mutsannā dan jamak mudzakkar sālim, sedangkan fatḥah dapat menjadi tanda jar pada isim ghayr munṣarif apabila tidak ber-alif-lam dan tidak menjadi muḍāf.",
  "DescriptionEn": "Marks the genitive case (majrūr) on nominal elements. In Arabic grammar, a noun is genitive primarily after a preposition, as a muḍāf ilayh in an iḍāfah construction, or as a dependent (tābi‘) agreeing with a genitive element. The usual genitive marker is kasrah; yā’ marks the genitive in dual nouns and sound masculine plurals, while fatḥah may mark the genitive of a diptote (ghayr munṣarif) when it is neither definite with al- nor used as a muḍāf.",
  "DataTables": [
    {
      "IndoName": "Tanda-Tanda Jar",
      "RowsData": [
        [
          "Jenis Kata",
          "Tanda Jar",
          "Kondisi",
          "Contoh Arab",
          "Arti Indonesia"
        ],
        [
          "Isim mufrad / jamak taksir",
          "كَسْرَة",
          "Tanda asal jar pada isim mu‘rab",
          "فِي بَيْتٍ",
          "Di sebuah rumah (بَيْتٍ majrūr dengan kasrah setelah فِي)"
        ],
        [
          "Isim mutsannā",
          "يَاء",
          "Jar pada bentuk dual",
          "بِرَجُلَيْنِ",
          "Dengan dua orang laki-laki (رَجُلَيْنِ majrūr dengan yā’)"
        ],
        [
          "Jamak mudzakkar sālim",
          "يَاء",
          "Jar pada jamak mudzakkar sālim",
          "عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ",
          "Atas orang-orang beriman (الْمُؤْمِنِينَ majrūr dengan yā’)"
        ],
        [
          "Isim ghayr munṣarif",
          "فَتْحَة",
          "Jika tidak ber-alif-lam dan tidak menjadi muḍāf",
          "فِي مَسَاجِدَ",
          "Di masjid-masjid (مَسَاجِدَ majrūr dengan fatḥah karena ghayr munṣarif)"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "IndoName": "Posisi Umum Isim Majrūr",
      "RowsData": [
        [
          "Kategori",
          "Aturan",
          "Unsur Pemicu",
          "Contoh Arab",
          "Arti Indonesia"
        ],
        [
          "Setelah huruf jar",
          "Isim setelah huruf jar menjadi majrūr",
          "مِنْ، إِلَى، عَنْ، عَلَى، فِي، بِ، لِ، كَ",
          "فِي الْبَيْتِ",
          "Di dalam rumah"
        ],
        [
          "Muḍāf ilayh",
          "Muḍāf ilayh dalam konstruksi iḍāfah berstatus majrūr",
          "الإِضَافَة",
          "كِتَابُ اللَّهِ",
          "Kitab Allah (اللَّهِ majrūr sebagai muḍāf ilayh)"
        ],
        [
          "Qasam",
          "Isim setelah huruf qasam yang berfungsi sebagai huruf jar menjadi majrūr",
          "وَ، بِ، تَ",
          "وَاللَّهِ",
          "Demi Allah"
        ],
        [
          "Setelah sebagian huruf jar lainnya",
          "Isim sesudah huruf jar yang sesuai menjadi majrūr",
          "حَتَّى، رُبَّ، مُذْ، مُنْذُ",
          "حَتَّى الْفَجْرِ",
          "Sampai fajar"
        ],
        [
          "Tawābi‘",
          "Na‘at, ‘athaf, badal, atau taukīd mengikuti kasus unsur majrūr yang diikutinya",
          "حسب المتبوع",
          "فِي بَيْتٍ كَبِيرٍ",
          "Di sebuah rumah yang besar (كَبِيرٍ mengikuti jar بَيْتٍ)"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "IndoName": "Huruf-Huruf Jar",
      "RowsData": [
        [
          "Huruf / Jenis",
          "Makna Indonesia",
          "Makna Pokok",
          "Contoh Arab",
          "Arti Indonesia"
        ],
        [
          "مِنْ",
          "dari",
          "permulaan / sebagian / sebab",
          "مِنَ اللَّهِ",
          "Dari Allah"
        ],
        [
          "إِلَى",
          "ke / menuju",
          "batas akhir / tujuan",
          "إِلَى الْبَيْتِ",
          "Menuju rumah"
        ],
        [
          "عَنْ",
          "dari / menjauh dari",
          "menjauh / melampaui",
          "عَنِ الْخَطَإِ",
          "Dari kesalahan"
        ],
        [
          "عَلَى",
          "di atas / atas",
          "posisi di atas / tanggungan",
          "عَلَى الْحَقِّ",
          "Di atas kebenaran"
        ],
        [
          "فِي",
          "di / di dalam",
          "tempat / waktu",
          "فِي الْبَيْتِ",
          "Di dalam rumah"
        ],
        [
          "بِ",
          "dengan / melalui / demi",
          "alat / sebab / penyertaan / sumpah",
          "بِاللَّهِ",
          "Dengan Allah / demi Allah, sesuai konteks"
        ],
        [
          "لِ",
          "untuk / milik",
          "kepemilikan / peruntukan / tujuan",
          "لِلَّهِ",
          "Milik Allah"
        ],
        [
          "كَ",
          "seperti",
          "penyerupaan",
          "كَالْبَحْرِ",
          "Seperti laut"
        ],
        [
          "حَتَّى",
          "sampai / hingga",
          "batas akhir",
          "حَتَّى الْفَجْرِ",
          "Sampai fajar"
        ],
        [
          "رُبَّ",
          "betapa banyak / betapa sedikit",
          "menunjukkan banyak atau sedikit sesuai konteks",
          "رُبَّ رَجُلٍ",
          "Betapa banyak atau sedikit seorang laki-laki, sesuai konteks"
        ],
        [
          "مُذْ",
          "sejak",
          "permulaan waktu lampau",
          "مُذْ يَوْمِ الْجُمُعَةِ",
          "Sejak hari Jumat"
        ],
        [
          "مُنْذُ",
          "sejak",
          "permulaan rentang waktu",
          "مُنْذُ شَهْرٍ",
          "Sejak sebulan yang lalu"
        ],
        [
          "وَاوُ الْقَسَمِ",
          "demi",
          "sumpah",
          "وَاللَّهِ",
          "Demi Allah"
        ],
        [
          "بَاءُ الْقَسَمِ",
          "demi",
          "sumpah",
          "بِاللَّهِ",
          "Demi Allah"
        ],
        [
          "تَاءُ الْقَسَمِ",
          "demi",
          "sumpah; lazim digunakan dengan lafẓ al-jalālah",
          "تَاللَّهِ",
          "Demi Allah"
        ],
        [
          "لَامُ التَّعْلِيلِ",
          "untuk / karena",
          "sebab / tujuan; apabila masuk pada isim, lām beramal sebagai huruf jar",
          "لِرِضَا اللَّهِ",
          "Untuk memperoleh rida Allah"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "DataTablesEng": [
    {
      "EngName": "Genitive Case Markers",
      "RowsData": [
        [
          "Word Type",
          "Genitive Marker",
          "Condition",
          "Arabic Example",
          "English Meaning"
        ],
        [
          "Singular noun / broken plural",
          "كَسْرَة",
          "The basic genitive marker on declinable nouns",
          "فِي بَيْتٍ",
          "In a house (بَيْتٍ is genitive with kasrah after فِي)"
        ],
        [
          "Dual noun",
          "يَاء",
          "Genitive in the dual form",
          "بِرَجُلَيْنِ",
          "With two men (رَجُلَيْنِ is genitive with yā’)"
        ],
        [
          "Sound masculine plural",
          "يَاء",
          "Genitive in the sound masculine plural",
          "عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ",
          "Upon the believers (الْمُؤْمِنِينَ is genitive with yā’)"
        ],
        [
          "Diptote (ghayr munṣarif)",
          "فَتْحَة",
          "When it is neither definite with al- nor used as a muḍāf",
          "فِي مَسَاجِدَ",
          "In mosques (مَسَاجِدَ is genitive with fatḥah because it is a diptote)"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "EngName": "Common Positions of Genitive Nouns",
      "RowsData": [
        [
          "Category",
          "Rule",
          "Trigger",
          "Arabic Example",
          "English Meaning"
        ],
        [
          "After a preposition",
          "A noun following a preposition is genitive",
          "مِنْ، إِلَى، عَنْ، عَلَى، فِي، بِ، لِ، كَ",
          "فِي الْبَيْتِ",
          "In the house"
        ],
        [
          "Muḍāf ilayh",
          "The muḍāf ilayh in an iḍāfah construction is genitive",
          "الإِضَافَة",
          "كِتَابُ اللَّهِ",
          "The Book of Allah (اللَّهِ is genitive as the muḍāf ilayh)"
        ],
        [
          "Oath (qasam)",
          "A noun following an oath particle that functions as a preposition is genitive",
          "وَ، بِ، تَ",
          "وَاللَّهِ",
          "By Allah"
        ],
        [
          "After certain other prepositions",
          "A noun following the relevant preposition is genitive",
          "حَتَّى، رُبَّ، مُذْ، مُنْذُ",
          "حَتَّى الْفَجْرِ",
          "Until dawn"
        ],
        [
          "Dependents (tawābi‘)",
          "An adjective, conjunction-dependent, substitute, or emphatic dependent follows the case of the genitive element it modifies",
          "حسب المتبوع",
          "فِي بَيْتٍ كَبِيرٍ",
          "In a large house (كَبِيرٍ follows the genitive case of بَيْتٍ)"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "EngName": "Arabic Prepositions Causing the Genitive",
      "RowsData": [
        [
          "Preposition / Type",
          "English Meaning",
          "Core Function",
          "Arabic Example",
          "English Meaning of Example"
        ],
        [
          "مِنْ",
          "from / of",
          "starting point / partitive / cause",
          "مِنَ اللَّهِ",
          "From Allah"
        ],
        [
          "إِلَى",
          "to / toward",
          "endpoint / destination",
          "إِلَى الْبَيْتِ",
          "Toward the house"
        ],
        [
          "عَنْ",
          "from / away from",
          "separation / moving away",
          "عَنِ الْخَطَإِ",
          "Away from error"
        ],
        [
          "عَلَى",
          "on / upon",
          "position above / obligation",
          "عَلَى الْحَقِّ",
          "Upon the truth"
        ],
        [
          "فِي",
          "in / within",
          "place / time",
          "فِي الْبَيْتِ",
          "In the house"
        ],
        [
          "بِ",
          "with / by / through",
          "instrument / cause / accompaniment / oath",
          "بِاللَّهِ",
          "With Allah / by Allah, depending on context"
        ],
        [
          "لِ",
          "for / belonging to",
          "possession / allocation / purpose",
          "لِلَّهِ",
          "Belonging to Allah"
        ],
        [
          "كَ",
          "like / as",
          "comparison",
          "كَالْبَحْرِ",
          "Like the sea"
        ],
        [
          "حَتَّى",
          "until / up to",
          "endpoint",
          "حَتَّى الْفَجْرِ",
          "Until dawn"
        ],
        [
          "رُبَّ",
          "many a / few a",
          "indicates abundance or paucity according to context",
          "رُبَّ رَجُلٍ",
          "Many a man / few a man, depending on context"
        ],
        [
          "مُذْ",
          "since",
          "starting point in past time",
          "مُذْ يَوْمِ الْجُمُعَةِ",
          "Since Friday"
        ],
        [
          "مُنْذُ",
          "since",
          "starting point of a time span",
          "مُنْذُ شَهْرٍ",
          "Since a month ago"
        ],
        [
          "وَاوُ الْقَسَمِ",
          "by",
          "oath",
          "وَاللَّهِ",
          "By Allah"
        ],
        [
          "بَاءُ الْقَسَمِ",
          "by",
          "oath",
          "بِاللَّهِ",
          "By Allah"
        ],
        [
          "تَاءُ الْقَسَمِ",
          "by",
          "oath; commonly used with the name of Allah",
          "تَاللَّهِ",
          "By Allah"
        ],
        [
          "لَامُ التَّعْلِيلِ",
          "for / because of",
          "cause / purpose; when governing a noun, lām functions as a preposition",
          "لِرِضَا اللَّهِ",
          "For the pleasure of Allah"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "Penjelasan": [
    {
      "IndoName": "Menunjukkan isim yang dimasuki huruf jar",
      "EngName": "Marks a noun governed by a preposition",
      "ArabicExamples": [
        "فِي الْبَيْتِ",
        "إِلَى اللَّهِ"
      ],
      "IndoExamples": [
        "Di dalam rumah (الْبَيْتِ majrūr karena فِي)",
        "Kepada Allah (اللَّهِ majrūr karena إِلَى)"
      ],
      "EngExamples": [
        "In the house (الْبَيْتِ is genitive because of فِي)",
        "To Allah (اللَّهِ is genitive because of إِلَى)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "IndoName": "Menunjukkan muḍāf ilayh dalam konstruksi iḍāfah",
      "EngName": "Marks the muḍāf ilayh in an iḍāfah construction",
      "ArabicExamples": [
        "كِتَابُ اللَّهِ",
        "عَبْدُ اللَّهِ"
      ],
      "IndoExamples": [
        "Kitab Allah (اللَّهِ majrūr sebagai muḍāf ilayh)",
        "Hamba Allah (اللَّهِ majrūr sebagai muḍāf ilayh)"
      ],
      "EngExamples": [
        "The Book of Allah (اللَّهِ is genitive as the muḍāf ilayh)",
        "The servant of Allah (اللَّهِ is genitive as the muḍāf ilayh)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "IndoName": "Muncul pada na‘at, ‘athaf, badal, dan taukīd yang mengikuti unsur majrūr",
      "EngName": "Occurs in dependents that follow a genitive element",
      "ArabicExamples": [
        "فِي بَيْتٍ كَبِيرٍ",
        "مِنَ اللَّهِ رَبِّكَ"
      ],
      "IndoExamples": [
        "Di sebuah rumah yang besar (كَبِيرٍ mengikuti jar بَيْتٍ)",
        "Dari Allah, Tuhanmu (رَبِّكَ mengikuti jar اللَّهِ)"
      ],
      "EngExamples": [
        "In a large house (كَبِيرٍ follows the genitive case of بَيْتٍ)",
        "From Allah, your Lord (رَبِّكَ follows the genitive case of اللَّهِ)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "IndoName": "Isim setelah huruf jar berstatus majrūr",
      "EngName": "A noun after a preposition is genitive",
      "ArabicExamples": [
        "مِنَ اللَّهِ",
        "فِي السَّمَاءِ"
      ],
      "IndoExamples": [
        "Dari Allah (اللَّهِ majrūr karena مِنْ)",
        "Di langit (السَّمَاءِ majrūr karena فِي)"
      ],
      "EngExamples": [
        "From Allah (اللَّهِ is genitive because of مِنْ)",
        "In the sky (السَّمَاءِ is genitive because of فِي)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "IndoName": "Muḍāf ilayh selalu berstatus majrūr",
      "EngName": "The muḍāf ilayh is always genitive",
      "ArabicExamples": [
        "رَسُولُ اللَّهِ",
        "بَيْتُ الرَّجُلِ"
      ],
      "IndoExamples": [
        "Rasul Allah (اللَّهِ majrūr sebagai muḍāf ilayh)",
        "Rumah seorang laki-laki (الرَّجُلِ majrūr sebagai muḍāf ilayh)"
      ],
      "EngExamples": [
        "The Messenger of Allah (اللَّهِ is genitive as the muḍāf ilayh)",
        "The man's house (الرَّجُلِ is genitive as the muḍāf ilayh)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "IndoName": "Tābi‘ mengikuti kasus unsur yang diikutinya",
      "EngName": "A dependent follows the grammatical case of the element it modifies",
      "ArabicExamples": [
        "فِي بَيْتٍ كَبِيرٍ",
        "مِنَ اللَّهِ الْعَزِيزِ"
      ],
      "IndoExamples": [
        "Di sebuah rumah yang besar (كَبِيرٍ mengikuti jar بَيْتٍ)",
        "Dari Allah Yang Mahaperkasa (الْعَزِيزِ mengikuti jar اللَّهِ)"
      ],
      "EngExamples": [
        "In a large house (كَبِيرٍ follows the genitive case of بَيْتٍ)",
        "From Allah, the Almighty (الْعَزِيزِ follows the genitive case of اللَّهِ)"
      ]
    },
    {
      "IndoName": "Menunjukkan hubungan makna dalam konstruksi iḍāfah",
      "EngName": "Expresses a semantic relationship in an iḍāfah construction",
      "ArabicExamples": [
        "كِتَابُ اللَّهِ"
      ],
      "IndoExamples": [
        "Kitab Allah; jar pada اللَّهِ menandai posisinya sebagai muḍāf ilayh"
      ],
      "EngExamples": [
        "The Book of Allah; the genitive on اللَّهِ marks it as the muḍāf ilayh"
      ]
    },
    {
      "IndoName": "Membatasi makna melalui frasa preposisional",
      "EngName": "Restricts meaning through a prepositional phrase",
      "ArabicExamples": [
        "فِي الْبَيْتِ"
      ],
      "IndoExamples": [
        "Di dalam rumah; frasa فِي الْبَيْتِ membatasi keterangan pada lokasi tertentu"
      ],
      "EngExamples": [
        "In the house; the phrase فِي الْبَيْتِ restricts the meaning to a particular location"
      ]
    },
    {
      "IndoName": "Menjelaskan keterkaitan huruf jar dengan fi‘il atau unsur lain",
      "EngName": "Shows how a prepositional phrase relates to a verb or another element",
      "ArabicExamples": [
        "آمَنْتُ بِاللَّهِ"
      ],
      "IndoExamples": [
        "Aku beriman kepada Allah; بِاللَّهِ berkaitan dengan fi‘il آمَنْتُ"
      ],
      "EngExamples": [
        "I believe in Allah; بِاللَّهِ is linked to the verb آمَنْتُ"
      ]
    },
    {
      "IndoName": "Menentukan kesesuaian kasus pada kata yang mengikuti",
      "EngName": "Determines case agreement in dependent words",
      "ArabicExamples": [
        "فِي بَيْتٍ كَبِيرٍ"
      ],
      "IndoExamples": [
        "Di sebuah rumah yang besar; كَبِيرٍ berstatus majrūr karena mengikuti بَيْتٍ"
      ],
      "EngExamples": [
        "In a large house; كَبِيرٍ is genitive because it follows بَيْتٍ"
      ]
    }
  ]
}