{
  "Type": "IMPF",
  "EnglishName": "Imperfect Verb",
  "IndoName": "Fi‘il Muḍāri‘ (Verba Imperfect)",
  "Description": "Menandai fi‘il muḍāri‘ atau verba imperfect, yaitu bentuk verba yang menyatakan perbuatan atau keadaan yang belum dipandang selesai dan dapat menunjukkan makna sedang berlangsung, kebiasaan, atau masa mendatang sesuai konteks. Fi‘il muḍāri‘ pada dasarnya dapat mengalami i‘rāb dalam tiga keadaan: rafa‘, naṣb, dan jazm. Namun, fi‘il muḍāri‘ dapat menjadi mabnī apabila bersambung langsung dengan nūn at-tawkīd atau nūn an-niswah.",
  "DescriptionEn": "Marks the imperfect verb (fi‘il muḍāri‘), a verbal form that presents an action or state as not completed and may express an ongoing action, a habitual action, or a future event depending on context. The imperfect verb normally inflects for three moods: indicative (rafa‘), subjunctive (naṣb), and jussive (jazm). However, an imperfect verb may be indeclinable (mabnī) when directly attached to the emphatic nūn or the feminine plural nūn.",
  "DataTables": [
    {
      "IndoName": "Keadaan I‘rāb Fi‘il Muḍāri‘",
      "RowsData": [
        [
          "Keadaan",
          "Sebab",
          "Contoh Arab",
          "Arti Indonesia"
        ],
        [
          "Rafa‘",
          "Tidak didahului nāṣib atau jāzim",
          "يَكْتُبُ",
          "Dia menulis"
        ],
        [
          "Naṣb",
          "Didahului unsur yang menashabkan",
          "لَنْ يَكْتُبَ",
          "Dia tidak akan menulis"
        ],
        [
          "Jazm",
          "Didahului unsur yang menjazmkan",
          "لَمْ يَكْتُبْ",
          "Dia tidak menulis"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "IndoName": "Penggunaan Fi‘il Muḍāri‘",
      "RowsData": [
        [
          "Konteks",
          "Fungsi",
          "Contoh Arab",
          "Arti Indonesia"
        ],
        [
          "Sedang berlangsung",
          "Menunjukkan perbuatan yang sedang terjadi sesuai konteks",
          "يَقْرَأُ الْكِتَابَ",
          "Dia sedang membaca buku"
        ],
        [
          "Masa mendatang",
          "Menunjukkan perbuatan yang akan terjadi, terutama dengan penanda seperti سَـ atau سَوْفَ",
          "سَيَذْهَبُ",
          "Dia akan pergi"
        ],
        [
          "Kebiasaan",
          "Menunjukkan perbuatan yang biasa atau berulang",
          "يَسْتَيْقِظُ مُبَكِّرًا",
          "Dia biasa bangun pagi"
        ],
        [
          "Larangan",
          "Menjadi majzūm setelah لَا النَّاهِيَةُ",
          "لَا تَكْذِبْ",
          "Jangan berdusta"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "IndoName": "Konjugasi Dasar Fi‘il Muḍāri‘",
      "RowsData": [
        [
          "Persona",
          "Jamak",
          "Ganda",
          "Tunggal"
        ],
        [
          "Orang Ketiga Laki-laki",
          "يَكْتُبُونَ",
          "يَكْتُبَانِ",
          "يَكْتُبُ"
        ],
        [
          "Orang Ketiga Perempuan",
          "يَكْتُبْنَ",
          "تَكْتُبَانِ",
          "تَكْتُبُ"
        ],
        [
          "Orang Kedua Laki-laki",
          "تَكْتُبُونَ",
          "تَكْتُبَانِ",
          "تَكْتُبُ"
        ],
        [
          "Orang Kedua Perempuan",
          "تَكْتُبْنَ",
          "تَكْتُبَانِ",
          "تَكْتُبِينَ"
        ],
        [
          "Orang Pertama",
          "نَكْتُبُ",
          "—",
          "أَكْتُبُ"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "IndoName": "Tanda I‘rāb Fi‘il Muḍāri‘",
      "RowsData": [
        [
          "Keadaan",
          "Tanda Utama",
          "Kondisi",
          "Contoh Arab"
        ],
        [
          "Rafa‘",
          "Ḍammah",
          "Pada fi‘il muḍāri‘ yang bukan al-af‘āl al-khamsah",
          "يَكْتُبُ"
        ],
        [
          "Rafa‘",
          "Tetapnya nūn",
          "Pada al-af‘āl al-khamsah",
          "يَكْتُبُونَ"
        ],
        [
          "Naṣb",
          "Fatḥah",
          "Pada bentuk yang menerima fatḥah",
          "لَنْ يَكْتُبَ"
        ],
        [
          "Naṣb",
          "Hilangnya nūn",
          "Pada al-af‘āl al-khamsah",
          "لَنْ يَكْتُبُوا"
        ],
        [
          "Jazm",
          "Sukūn",
          "Pada fi‘il ṣaḥīḥ al-ākhir",
          "لَمْ يَكْتُبْ"
        ],
        [
          "Jazm",
          "Hilangnya huruf ‘illah",
          "Pada fi‘il mu‘tal al-ākhir",
          "لَمْ يَدْعُ"
        ],
        [
          "Jazm",
          "Hilangnya nūn",
          "Pada al-af‘āl al-khamsah",
          "لَمْ يَكْتُبُوا"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "DataTablesEng": [
    {
      "EnglishName": "Inflectional States of the Imperfect Verb",
      "RowsData": [
        [
          "State",
          "Cause",
          "Arabic Example",
          "English Meaning"
        ],
        [
          "Indicative (Rafa‘)",
          "Not preceded by a subjunctive or jussive governor",
          "يَكْتُبُ",
          "He writes"
        ],
        [
          "Subjunctive (Naṣb)",
          "Preceded by an element that causes the subjunctive",
          "لَنْ يَكْتُبَ",
          "He will not write"
        ],
        [
          "Jussive (Jazm)",
          "Preceded by an element that causes the jussive",
          "لَمْ يَكْتُبْ",
          "He did not write"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "EnglishName": "Uses of the Imperfect Verb",
      "RowsData": [
        [
          "Context",
          "Function",
          "Arabic Example",
          "English Meaning"
        ],
        [
          "Ongoing action",
          "Expresses an action occurring at the present time according to context",
          "يَقْرَأُ الْكِتَابَ",
          "He is reading the book"
        ],
        [
          "Future",
          "Expresses a future action, especially with markers such as سَـ or سَوْفَ",
          "سَيَذْهَبُ",
          "He will go"
        ],
        [
          "Habitual action",
          "Expresses a habitual or repeated action",
          "يَسْتَيْقِظُ مُبَكِّرًا",
          "He usually wakes up early"
        ],
        [
          "Prohibition",
          "Becomes jussive after لَا النَّاهِيَةُ",
          "لَا تَكْذِبْ",
          "Do not lie"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "EnglishName": "Basic Conjugation of the Imperfect Verb",
      "RowsData": [
        [
          "Person",
          "Plural",
          "Dual",
          "Singular"
        ],
        [
          "Third Person Masculine",
          "يَكْتُبُونَ",
          "يَكْتُبَانِ",
          "يَكْتُبُ"
        ],
        [
          "Third Person Feminine",
          "يَكْتُبْنَ",
          "تَكْتُبَانِ",
          "تَكْتُبُ"
        ],
        [
          "Second Person Masculine",
          "تَكْتُبُونَ",
          "تَكْتُبَانِ",
          "تَكْتُبُ"
        ],
        [
          "Second Person Feminine",
          "تَكْتُبْنَ",
          "تَكْتُبَانِ",
          "تَكْتُبِينَ"
        ],
        [
          "First Person",
          "نَكْتُبُ",
          "—",
          "أَكْتُبُ"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "EnglishName": "Inflectional Markers of the Imperfect Verb",
      "RowsData": [
        [
          "State",
          "Main Marker",
          "Condition",
          "Arabic Example"
        ],
        [
          "Indicative (Rafa‘)",
          "Ḍammah",
          "For imperfect verbs other than al-af‘āl al-khamsah",
          "يَكْتُبُ"
        ],
        [
          "Indicative (Rafa‘)",
          "Retention of nūn",
          "For al-af‘āl al-khamsah",
          "يَكْتُبُونَ"
        ],
        [
          "Subjunctive (Naṣb)",
          "Fatḥah",
          "For forms that take fatḥah",
          "لَنْ يَكْتُبَ"
        ],
        [
          "Subjunctive (Naṣb)",
          "Deletion of nūn",
          "For al-af‘āl al-khamsah",
          "لَنْ يَكْتُبُوا"
        ],
        [
          "Jussive (Jazm)",
          "Sukūn",
          "For verbs with a sound final radical",
          "لَمْ يَكْتُبْ"
        ],
        [
          "Jussive (Jazm)",
          "Deletion of the weak final letter",
          "For final-weak verbs",
          "لَمْ يَدْعُ"
        ],
        [
          "Jussive (Jazm)",
          "Deletion of nūn",
          "For al-af‘āl al-khamsah",
          "لَمْ يَكْتُبُوا"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "Penjelasan": [
    {
      "IndoName": "Menunjukkan perbuatan yang sedang atau akan terjadi",
      "EngName": "Expresses an Ongoing or Future Action",
      "ArabicExamples": [
        "يَكْتُبُ الطَّالِبُ",
        "سَيَذْهَبُ زَيْدٌ"
      ],
      "IndoExamples": [
        "Pelajar sedang menulis",
        "Zaid akan pergi"
      ],
      "EngExamples": [
        "The student is writing",
        "Zaid will go"
      ]
    },
    {
      "IndoName": "Diawali salah satu huruf muḍāra‘ah (أ ن ت ي)",
      "EngName": "Begins with One of the Imperfect Prefix Letters (أ ن ت ي)",
      "ArabicExamples": [
        "أَكْتُبُ",
        "نَذْهَبُ",
        "تَقُولُ",
        "يَفْعَلُ"
      ],
      "IndoExamples": [
        "Aku menulis",
        "Kami pergi",
        "Dia (perempuan) berkata",
        "Dia melakukan"
      ],
      "EngExamples": [
        "I write",
        "We go",
        "She says",
        "He does"
      ]
    },
    {
      "IndoName": "Fi‘il muḍāri‘ pada dasarnya dapat mengalami i‘rāb",
      "EngName": "The Imperfect Verb Normally Inflects for Mood",
      "ArabicExamples": [
        "يَكْتُبُ",
        "لَنْ يَكْتُبَ",
        "لَمْ يَكْتُبْ"
      ],
      "IndoExamples": [
        "Dia menulis",
        "Dia tidak akan menulis",
        "Dia tidak menulis"
      ],
      "EngExamples": [
        "He writes",
        "He will not write",
        "He did not write"
      ]
    },
    {
      "IndoName": "Dapat dipengaruhi unsur naṣb dan jazm",
      "EngName": "Can Be Governed by Subjunctive and Jussive Elements",
      "ArabicExamples": [
        "أَنْ يَفْعَلَ",
        "لَمْ يَفْعَلْ"
      ],
      "IndoExamples": [
        "Untuk melakukan",
        "Dia tidak melakukan"
      ],
      "EngExamples": [
        "To do",
        "He did not do"
      ]
    },
    {
      "IndoName": "Rafa‘ ditandai ḍammah atau tetapnya nūn",
      "EngName": "Indicative Mood Is Marked by Ḍammah or Retention of Nūn",
      "ArabicExamples": [
        "يَكْتُبُ",
        "يَكْتُبُونَ"
      ],
      "IndoExamples": [
        "Dia menulis",
        "Mereka menulis"
      ],
      "EngExamples": [
        "He writes",
        "They write"
      ]
    },
    {
      "IndoName": "Naṣb ditandai fatḥah atau hilangnya nūn",
      "EngName": "Subjunctive Mood Is Marked by Fatḥah or Deletion of Nūn",
      "ArabicExamples": [
        "لَنْ يَكْتُبَ",
        "لَنْ يَكْتُبُوا"
      ],
      "IndoExamples": [
        "Dia tidak akan menulis",
        "Mereka tidak akan menulis"
      ],
      "EngExamples": [
        "He will not write",
        "They will not write"
      ]
    },
    {
      "IndoName": "Jazm ditandai sukūn, hilangnya huruf ‘illah, atau hilangnya nūn",
      "EngName": "Jussive Mood Is Marked by Sukūn, Deletion of a Weak Final Letter, or Deletion of Nūn",
      "ArabicExamples": [
        "لَمْ يَكْتُبْ",
        "لَمْ يَدْعُ",
        "لَمْ يَكْتُبُوا"
      ],
      "IndoExamples": [
        "Dia tidak menulis",
        "Dia tidak menyeru",
        "Mereka tidak menulis"
      ],
      "EngExamples": [
        "He did not write",
        "He did not call",
        "They did not write"
      ]
    },
    {
      "IndoName": "Dapat menjadi mabnī dalam kondisi tertentu",
      "EngName": "May Become Indeclinable in Certain Conditions",
      "ArabicExamples": [
        "لَيَكْتُبَنَّ",
        "هُنَّ يَكْتُبْنَ"
      ],
      "IndoExamples": [
        "Sungguh dia benar-benar akan menulis",
        "Mereka (perempuan) menulis"
      ],
      "EngExamples": [
        "He will certainly write",
        "They (feminine) write"
      ]
    },
    {
      "IndoName": "Fi‘il transitif dapat merafa‘kan pelaku dan menashabkan objek",
      "EngName": "A Transitive Imperfect Verb Can Govern a Nominative Subject and an Accusative Object",
      "ArabicExamples": [
        "يَضْرِبُ زَيْدٌ عَمْرًا"
      ],
      "IndoExamples": [
        "Zaid memukul Amr"
      ],
      "EngExamples": [
        "Zaid hits Amr"
      ]
    },
    {
      "IndoName": "Dapat menunjukkan keberlangsungan sesuai konteks",
      "EngName": "Can Express Continuity Depending on Context",
      "ArabicExamples": [
        "يَعْمَلُ فِي الْمَصْنَعِ"
      ],
      "IndoExamples": [
        "Dia bekerja di pabrik"
      ],
      "EngExamples": [
        "He works at the factory"
      ]
    },
    {
      "IndoName": "Dapat menunjukkan kebiasaan atau perbuatan berulang",
      "EngName": "Can Express Habitual or Repeated Action",
      "ArabicExamples": [
        "يَصُومُ فِي رَمَضَانَ"
      ],
      "IndoExamples": [
        "Dia berpuasa pada bulan Ramadan"
      ],
      "EngExamples": [
        "He fasts during Ramadan"
      ]
    },
    {
      "IndoName": "Partikel sebelumnya dapat memengaruhi makna dan i‘rāb",
      "EngName": "Preceding Particles Can Affect Meaning and Mood",
      "ArabicExamples": [
        "سَيَكْتُبُ",
        "لَنْ يَكْتُبَ"
      ],
      "IndoExamples": [
        "Dia akan menulis",
        "Dia tidak akan menulis"
      ],
      "EngExamples": [
        "He will write",
        "He will not write"
      ]
    }
  ]
}