{ "Type": "IMPV", "EnglishName": "Imperative Verb", "IndoName": "Fi‘il Amr (Kata Kerja Perintah)", "Description": "Menandai fi‘il amr, yaitu verba yang digunakan untuk menyatakan perintah atau permintaan agar lawan bicara melakukan suatu perbuatan. Fi‘il amr berkaitan dengan orang kedua (mukhāṭab) dan bersifat mabnī. Secara umum, fi‘il amr dibangun berdasarkan tanda jazm fi‘il muḍāri‘ yang bersesuaian: di atas sukūn, penghapusan huruf ‘illah, atau penghapusan nūn. Fi‘il amr juga dapat dibangun di atas fatḥah apabila bersambung langsung dengan nūn at-tawkīd. Larangan tidak dinyatakan dengan fi‘il amr, tetapi dengan لَا النَّاهِيَةُ yang diikuti fi‘il muḍāri‘ majzūm.", "DescriptionEn": "Marks the imperative verb (fi‘il amr), a verbal form used to express a command or request directing the addressee to perform an action. The imperative is associated with the second person (mukhāṭab) and is indeclinable (mabnī). In general, it is built according to the jussive marker of its corresponding imperfect verb: on sukūn, deletion of a weak letter, or deletion of nūn. It may also be built on fatḥah when directly attached to the emphatic nūn. Prohibition is not expressed by the imperative verb itself, but by لَا النَّاهِيَةُ followed by a jussive imperfect verb.", "DataTables": [ { "IndoName": "Bentuk Bangunan Fi‘il Amr", "RowsData": [ [ "Jenis Bangunan", "Kondisi", "Contoh Arab", "Arti Indonesia" ], [ "Mabnī di atas sukūn", "Apabila akhir fi‘il tidak mengharuskan penghapusan huruf ‘illah atau nūn", "اُكْتُبْ", "Tulislah" ], [ "Mabnī di atas sukūn", "Apabila bersambung dengan nūn an-niswah", "اُكْتُبْنَ", "Tulislah kalian (perempuan)" ], [ "Mabnī dengan penghapusan nūn", "Apabila bentuk muḍāri‘-nya termasuk al-af‘āl al-khamsah", "اُكْتُبُوا", "Tulislah kalian (laki-laki)" ], [ "Mabnī dengan penghapusan nūn", "Pada bentuk orang kedua ganda", "اُكْتُبَا", "Tulislah kalian berdua" ], [ "Mabnī dengan penghapusan nūn", "Pada bentuk orang kedua perempuan tunggal", "اُكْتُبِي", "Tulislah kamu (perempuan)" ], [ "Mabnī dengan penghapusan huruf ‘illah", "Apabila fi‘il berakhir dengan huruf ‘illah", "اُدْعُ", "Berdoalah" ], [ "Mabnī di atas fatḥah", "Apabila bersambung langsung dengan nūn at-tawkīd", "اُكْتُبَنَّ", "Sungguh, tulislah" ] ] }, { "IndoName": "Bentuk Fi‘il Amr Menurut Lawan Bicara", "RowsData": [ [ "Lawan Bicara", "Dhamir", "Contoh Arab", "Arti Indonesia" ], [ "Laki-laki tunggal", "أَنْتَ", "اُكْتُبْ", "Tulislah kamu (laki-laki)" ], [ "Perempuan tunggal", "أَنْتِ", "اُكْتُبِي", "Tulislah kamu (perempuan)" ], [ "Ganda laki-laki / perempuan", "أَنْتُمَا", "اُكْتُبَا", "Tulislah kalian berdua" ], [ "Laki-laki jamak", "أَنْتُمْ", "اُكْتُبُوا", "Tulislah kalian (laki-laki)" ], [ "Perempuan jamak", "أَنْتُنَّ", "اُكْتُبْنَ", "Tulislah kalian (perempuan)" ] ] }, { "IndoName": "Fi‘il Amr dan Larangan", "RowsData": [ [ "Jenis", "Konstruksi", "Contoh Arab", "Arti Indonesia" ], [ "Perintah", "Fi‘il amr", "اُكْتُبْ", "Tulislah" ], [ "Larangan", "لَا النَّاهِيَةُ + fi‘il muḍāri‘ majzūm", "لَا تَكْتُبْ", "Jangan menulis" ] ] } ], "DataTablesEng": [ { "EnglishName": "Imperative Verb Building Forms", "RowsData": [ [ "Building Form", "Condition", "Arabic Example", "English Meaning" ], [ "Built on sukūn", "When the ending does not require deletion of a weak letter or nūn", "اُكْتُبْ", "Write!" ], [ "Built on sukūn", "When attached to the feminine plural nūn", "اُكْتُبْنَ", "Write! (feminine plural)" ], [ "Built by deletion of nūn", "When its corresponding imperfect form belongs to the five verbs", "اُكْتُبُوا", "Write! (masculine plural)" ], [ "Built by deletion of nūn", "In the second-person dual form", "اُكْتُبَا", "Write! (dual)" ], [ "Built by deletion of nūn", "In the second-person feminine singular form", "اُكْتُبِي", "Write! (feminine singular)" ], [ "Built by deletion of a weak letter", "When the verb ends in a weak letter", "اُدْعُ", "Pray! / Call!" ], [ "Built on fatḥah", "When directly attached to the emphatic nūn", "اُكْتُبَنَّ", "Indeed, write!" ] ] }, { "EnglishName": "Imperative Forms by Addressee", "RowsData": [ [ "Addressee", "Pronoun", "Arabic Example", "English Meaning" ], [ "Masculine singular", "أَنْتَ", "اُكْتُبْ", "Write! (masculine singular)" ], [ "Feminine singular", "أَنْتِ", "اُكْتُبِي", "Write! (feminine singular)" ], [ "Masculine / feminine dual", "أَنْتُمَا", "اُكْتُبَا", "Write! (dual)" ], [ "Masculine plural", "أَنْتُمْ", "اُكْتُبُوا", "Write! (masculine plural)" ], [ "Feminine plural", "أَنْتُنَّ", "اُكْتُبْنَ", "Write! (feminine plural)" ] ] }, { "EnglishName": "Imperative and Prohibition", "RowsData": [ [ "Type", "Construction", "Arabic Example", "English Meaning" ], [ "Command", "Imperative verb", "اُكْتُبْ", "Write!" ], [ "Prohibition", "لَا النَّاهِيَةُ + jussive imperfect verb", "لَا تَكْتُبْ", "Do not write!" ] ] } ], "Penjelasan": [ { "IndoName": "Menunjukkan perintah atau permintaan", "EngName": "Expresses a command or request", "ArabicExamples": [ "اُكْتُبْ", "اِذْهَبْ" ], "IndoExamples": [ "Tulislah", "Pergilah" ], "EngExamples": [ "Write!", "Go!" ] }, { "IndoName": "Berkaitan dengan bentuk muḍāri‘ orang kedua yang majzūm", "EngName": "Corresponds to the jussive second-person imperfect form", "ArabicExamples": [ "تَكْتُبْ ← اُكْتُبْ", "تَذْهَبْ ← اِذْهَبْ" ], "IndoExamples": [ "kamu menulis → tulislah", "kamu pergi → pergilah" ], "EngExamples": [ "you write → write!", "you go → go!" ] }, { "IndoName": "Huruf muḍāra‘ah dihilangkan dalam pembentukan bentuk dasar", "EngName": "The imperfect prefix is removed in the basic formation", "ArabicExamples": [ "تَفْعَلْ ← اِفْعَلْ", "تَكْتُبْ ← اُكْتُبْ" ], "IndoExamples": [ "kamu melakukan → lakukanlah", "kamu menulis → tulislah" ], "EngExamples": [ "you do → do!", "you write → write!" ] }, { "IndoName": "Bersifat mabnī, bukan mu‘rab", "EngName": "Is indeclinable rather than declinable", "ArabicExamples": [ "اُكْتُبْ", "اِفْهَمُوا" ], "IndoExamples": [ "tulislah", "pahamilah kalian" ], "EngExamples": [ "write!", "understand! (plural)" ] }, { "IndoName": "Dapat dibangun di atas sukūn", "EngName": "May be built on sukūn", "ArabicExamples": [ "اُكْتُبْ", "اِذْهَبْ" ], "IndoExamples": [ "tulislah", "pergilah" ], "EngExamples": [ "write!", "go!" ] }, { "IndoName": "Dapat dibangun dengan penghapusan nūn", "EngName": "May be built by deletion of nūn", "ArabicExamples": [ "اُكْتُبُوا", "اُكْتُبَا" ], "IndoExamples": [ "tulislah kalian", "tulislah kalian berdua" ], "EngExamples": [ "write! (masculine plural)", "write! (dual)" ] }, { "IndoName": "Dapat dibangun dengan penghapusan huruf ‘illah", "EngName": "May be built by deletion of a weak letter", "ArabicExamples": [ "اُدْعُ", "اِسْعَ" ], "IndoExamples": [ "berdoalah", "berusahalah" ], "EngExamples": [ "pray! / call!", "strive!" ] }, { "IndoName": "Dapat dibangun di atas fatḥah dengan nūn at-tawkīd", "EngName": "May be built on fatḥah with the emphatic nūn", "ArabicExamples": [ "اُكْتُبَنَّ", "اِذْهَبَنَّ" ], "IndoExamples": [ "sungguh, tulislah", "sungguh, pergilah" ], "EngExamples": [ "indeed, write!", "indeed, go!" ] }, { "IndoName": "Pelakunya adalah dhamir lawan bicara", "EngName": "Its subject is an addressee pronoun", "ArabicExamples": [ "اُكْتُبْ", "اُكْتُبُوا" ], "IndoExamples": [ "Tulislah kamu", "Tulislah kalian" ], "EngExamples": [ "Write! (singular)", "Write! (plural)" ] }, { "IndoName": "Dapat memiliki makna kontekstual selain perintah langsung", "EngName": "May have contextual meanings beyond a direct command", "ArabicExamples": [ "رَبِّ اغْفِرْ لِي", "كُلُوا مِنَ الطَّيِّبَاتِ" ], "IndoExamples": [ "Wahai Rabbku, ampunilah aku", "Makanlah dari yang baik-baik" ], "EngExamples": [ "My Lord, forgive me", "Eat from the good things" ] }, { "IndoName": "Larangan menggunakan lā an-nāhiyah dan fi‘il muḍāri‘ majzūm", "EngName": "Prohibition uses lā an-nāhiyah with a jussive imperfect verb", "ArabicExamples": [ "لَا تَكْتُبْ", "لَا تَعْتَدُوا" ], "IndoExamples": [ "Jangan menulis", "Janganlah kalian melampaui batas" ], "EngExamples": [ "Do not write", "Do not transgress" ] } ] }