{
  "Type": "INDEF",
  "EnglishName": "Indefinite State",
  "IndoName": "Isim Nakirah (Indefinite)",
  "Description": "Menandai keadaan nakirah (نَكِرَة), yaitu keadaan pada isim atau unsur nominal yang merujuk kepada sesuatu secara tidak tertentu atau belum ditentukan secara khusus. Dalam bahasa Arab tidak terdapat artikel tak tentu yang setara langsung dengan 'a' atau 'an' dalam bahasa Inggris. Tanwin sering menjadi salah satu tanda bentuk nakirah, tetapi tidak setiap isim nakirah harus bertanwin. Keadaan nakirah juga dibedakan dari keadaan ma‘rifah (مَعْرِفَة), yaitu ketika sesuatu dirujuk secara tertentu.",
  "DescriptionEn": "Marks the indefinite state (نَكِرَة), the state of a noun or nominal that refers to something non-specific or not specifically identified. Arabic has no indefinite article directly equivalent to English 'a' or 'an'. Tanwin is often one of the formal signs of indefiniteness, although not every indefinite noun necessarily carries tanwin. The indefinite state contrasts with the definite state (مَعْرِفَة), in which the referent is specifically identified.",
  "DataTables": [
    {
      "IndoName": "Penanda Umum Nakirah",
      "RowsData": [
        [
          "Penanda",
          "Keterangan",
          "Contoh"
        ],
        [
          "Tanwin",
          "Tanwin ـٌ / ـً / ـٍ sering menunjukkan keadaan nakirah pada isim yang dapat menerima tanwin",
          "كِتَابٌ"
        ],
        [
          "Tanpa Al-",
          "Tidak didahului artikel definit الـ apabila tidak terdapat penentu ma‘rifah lainnya",
          "رَجُلٌ"
        ],
        [
          "Rujukan tidak tertentu",
          "Menunjukkan seseorang, sesuatu, atau jenis yang belum ditentukan secara khusus",
          "بَيْتٌ"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "IndoName": "Perubahan Nakirah Menjadi Ma‘rifah",
      "RowsData": [
        [
          "Cara",
          "Contoh Sebelum",
          "Contoh Sesudah"
        ],
        [
          "Dengan Al-",
          "كِتَابٌ",
          "الْكِتَابُ"
        ],
        [
          "Iḍāfah kepada ma‘rifah",
          "بَيْتٌ",
          "بَيْتُ اللَّهِ"
        ],
        [
          "Dengan ḍamīr kepemilikan",
          "رَسُولٌ",
          "رَسُولُهُ"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "DataTablesEng": [
    {
      "EnglishName": "Common Signs of the Indefinite State",
      "RowsData": [
        [
          "Marker",
          "Explanation",
          "Example"
        ],
        [
          "Tanwin",
          "Tanwin ـٌ / ـً / ـٍ often marks the indefinite state on nouns that can take tanwin",
          "كِتَابٌ"
        ],
        [
          "Without Al-",
          "The definite article الـ is absent when no other definiteness marker is present",
          "رَجُلٌ"
        ],
        [
          "Non-specific reference",
          "Refers to a person, thing, or kind that has not been specifically identified",
          "بَيْتٌ"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "EnglishName": "Changing an Indefinite Noun into a Definite Noun",
      "RowsData": [
        [
          "Method",
          "Before",
          "After"
        ],
        [
          "Adding Al-",
          "كِتَابٌ",
          "الْكِتَابُ"
        ],
        [
          "Iḍāfah to a definite noun",
          "بَيْتٌ",
          "بَيْتُ اللَّهِ"
        ],
        [
          "Adding a possessive pronoun",
          "رَسُولٌ",
          "رَسُولُهُ"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "Penjelasan": [
    {
      "IndoName": "Menunjukkan sesuatu yang tidak tertentu",
      "EngName": "Refers to something non-specific",
      "ArabicExamples": [
        "رَجُلٌ",
        "كِتَابٌ"
      ],
      "IndoExamples": [
        "seorang laki-laki, tanpa menentukan laki-laki tertentu",
        "sebuah kitab, tanpa menentukan kitab tertentu"
      ],
      "EngExamples": [
        "a man, without identifying a particular man",
        "a book, without identifying a particular book"
      ]
    },
    {
      "IndoName": "Tanwin sering menjadi tanda nakirah",
      "EngName": "Tanwin often marks indefiniteness",
      "ArabicExamples": [
        "بَيْتٌ",
        "نُورًا"
      ],
      "IndoExamples": [
        "sebuah rumah, dengan tanwin ḍammah",
        "cahaya, dengan tanwin fatḥah"
      ],
      "EngExamples": [
        "a house, with nominative tanwin",
        "light, with accusative tanwin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "IndoName": "Tidak memakai Al- sebagai penentu definit",
      "EngName": "Does not use Al- as a definite marker",
      "ArabicExamples": [
        "كِتَابٌ",
        "رَجُلٍ"
      ],
      "IndoExamples": [
        "sebuah kitab, bukan الْكِتَابُ yang berarti kitab tertentu",
        "seorang laki-laki, bukan الرَّجُلِ yang berarti laki-laki tertentu"
      ],
      "EngExamples": [
        "a book, rather than الْكِتَابُ referring to a specific book",
        "a man, rather than الرَّجُلِ referring to a specific man"
      ]
    },
    {
      "IndoName": "Dapat menjadi ma‘rifah melalui iḍāfah",
      "EngName": "Can become definite through iḍāfah",
      "ArabicExamples": [
        "بَيْتٌ",
        "بَيْتُ اللَّهِ"
      ],
      "IndoExamples": [
        "بَيْتٌ berarti sebuah rumah yang belum ditentukan",
        "بَيْتُ اللَّهِ menjadi ma‘rifah karena diiḍāfahkan kepada lafaz ma‘rifah اللَّهِ"
      ],
      "EngExamples": [
        "بَيْتٌ means a non-specific house",
        "بَيْتُ اللَّهِ becomes definite because it is in an iḍāfah construction with the definite noun اللَّهِ"
      ]
    },
    {
      "IndoName": "Dapat menjadi ma‘rifah dengan ḍamīr",
      "EngName": "Can become definite with an attached pronoun",
      "ArabicExamples": [
        "كِتَابٌ",
        "كِتَابُهُ"
      ],
      "IndoExamples": [
        "كِتَابٌ berarti sebuah kitab yang belum ditentukan",
        "كِتَابُهُ berarti kitabnya dan merujuk kepada kitab yang dikaitkan dengan pemilik tertentu"
      ],
      "EngExamples": [
        "كِتَابٌ means a non-specific book",
        "كِتَابُهُ means his book and refers to a book identified through its possessor"
      ]
    },
    {
      "IndoName": "Tetap dapat mengalami perubahan kasus",
      "EngName": "Can occur in different grammatical cases",
      "ArabicExamples": [
        "كِتَابٌ",
        "كِتَابًا",
        "كِتَابٍ"
      ],
      "IndoExamples": [
        "كِتَابٌ adalah bentuk nakirah dalam keadaan marfū‘",
        "كِتَابًا adalah bentuk nakirah dalam keadaan manṣūb",
        "كِتَابٍ adalah bentuk nakirah dalam keadaan majrūr"
      ],
      "EngExamples": [
        "كِتَابٌ is an indefinite noun in the nominative case",
        "كِتَابًا is an indefinite noun in the accusative case",
        "كِتَابٍ is an indefinite noun in the genitive case"
      ]
    }
  ]
}