{ "Type": "MOOD:JUS", "EnglishName": "Jussive Mood", "IndoName": "Fi‘il Muḍāri‘ Majzūm (Jazm)", "Description": "Menandai fi‘il muḍāri‘ yang berada dalam mood jazm (مَجْزُوم). Jazm hanya berlaku pada fi‘il muḍāri‘ dan muncul karena amil atau konstruksi tertentu, seperti setelah لَمْ, لَمَّا, لَا النَّاهِيَةُ, لَامُ الْأَمْرِ, dalam kalimat syarat yang menjazmkan, atau pada jawaban dari suatu tuntutan dalam kondisi tertentu. Tanda jazm dapat berupa sukūn, penghapusan huruf ‘illah, atau penghapusan nūn pada al-af‘āl al-khamsah. Jazm merupakan kategori i‘rāb fi‘il dan tidak berlaku pada isim.", "DescriptionEn": "Marks an imperfect verb (fi‘il muḍāri‘) in the jussive mood (مَجْزُوم). The jussive applies only to imperfect verbs and occurs because of particular governing particles or constructions, such as after لَمْ, لَمَّا, the prohibitive لَا, the imperative lām, in jussive conditional constructions, or in the result of a request under certain conditions. Its grammatical marker may be sukūn, deletion of a final weak letter, or deletion of nūn in the five verbs (al-af‘āl al-khamsah). The jussive is a category of verbal inflection and does not apply to nouns.", "DataTables": [ { "IndoName": "Konteks Utama Fi‘il Muḍāri‘ Majzūm", "RowsData": [ [ "Konteks", "Istilah Arab", "Fungsi", "Contoh Arab", "Arti Indonesia" ], [ "Setelah لَمْ", "لَمْ", "Menafikan terjadinya perbuatan pada masa lampau", "لَمْ يَلِدْ", "Dia tidak beranak" ], [ "Setelah lām perintah", "لَامُ الْأَمْرِ", "Menyatakan perintah atau anjuran", "لِيَكْتُبْ", "Hendaklah dia menulis" ], [ "Setelah lā larangan", "لَا النَّاهِيَةُ", "Menyatakan larangan", "لَا تَشْرِكْ", "Jangan menyekutukan" ], [ "Jawaban dari tuntutan", "جَوَابُ الطَّلَبِ", "Menunjukkan akibat atau hasil yang terkait dengan perintah, larangan, doa, atau bentuk tuntutan tertentu", "اِجْتَهِدْ تَنْجَحْ", "Bersungguh-sungguhlah, niscaya kamu berhasil" ], [ "Kalimat syarat", "أُسْلُوبُ الشَّرْطِ الْجَازِمِ", "Menjazmkan fi‘il syarat dan, apabila berupa fi‘il muḍāri‘ yang dapat dijazmkan, jawab syarat", "إِنْ تَتَّقُوا يَغْفِرْ لَكُمْ", "Jika kalian bertakwa, Dia akan mengampuni kalian" ] ] }, { "IndoName": "Tanda Jazm pada Fi‘il Muḍāri‘", "RowsData": [ [ "Tanda Jazm", "Kondisi", "Bentuk Rafa‘", "Bentuk Majzūm", "Penjelasan" ], [ "Sukūn", "Fi‘il muḍāri‘ yang akhirannya huruf sehat dan tidak termasuk al-af‘āl al-khamsah", "يَكْتُبُ", "لَمْ يَكْتُبْ", "Ḍammah akhir berubah menjadi sukūn" ], [ "Penghapusan huruf ‘illah", "Fi‘il muḍāri‘ mu‘tal al-ākhir", "يَدْعُو", "لَمْ يَدْعُ", "Huruf ‘illah pada akhir fi‘il dihapus" ], [ "Penghapusan nūn", "Fi‘il yang termasuk al-af‘āl al-khamsah", "يَفْعَلُونَ", "لَمْ يَفْعَلُوا", "Nūn yang menjadi tanda i‘rāb dihapus" ] ] }, { "IndoName": "Alat yang Menjazmkan Satu Fi‘il", "RowsData": [ [ "Alat", "Istilah Arab", "Fungsi", "Contoh Arab", "Arti Indonesia" ], [ "لَمْ", "حَرْفُ نَفْيٍ وَجَزْمٍ وَقَلْبٍ", "Menafikan fi‘il muḍāri‘ dan memberi makna lampau", "لَمْ يَذْهَبْ", "Dia tidak pergi" ], [ "لَمَّا", "حَرْفُ نَفْيٍ وَجَزْمٍ وَقَلْبٍ", "Menunjukkan bahwa perbuatan belum terjadi sampai saat yang dimaksud", "لَمَّا يَأْتِ", "Dia belum datang" ], [ "لَا النَّاهِيَةُ", "حَرْفُ نَهْيٍ وَجَزْمٍ", "Melarang lawan bicara atau pihak lain melakukan suatu perbuatan", "لَا تَكْذِبْ", "Jangan berdusta" ], [ "لَامُ الْأَمْرِ", "لَامُ الْأَمْرِ", "Menyatakan perintah atau anjuran", "فَلْيَعْمَلْ", "Maka hendaklah dia beramal" ] ] }, { "IndoName": "Alat Syarat yang Menjazmkan", "RowsData": [ [ "Alat", "Jenis Makna", "Fungsi Ringkas", "Contoh Arab", "Arti Indonesia" ], [ "إِنْ", "Syarat umum", "Jika", "إِنْ تَجْتَهِدْ تَنْجَحْ", "Jika kamu bersungguh-sungguh, kamu berhasil" ], [ "مَنْ", "Orang", "Siapa yang", "مَنْ يَعْمَلْ خَيْرًا يُجْزَ بِهِ", "Siapa yang berbuat baik akan diberi balasan karenanya" ], [ "مَا", "Benda atau perbuatan", "Apa pun yang", "مَا تَفْعَلْ أَعْلَمْهُ", "Apa pun yang kamu lakukan, aku mengetahuinya" ], [ "مَهْمَا", "Hal apa pun", "Apa pun yang", "مَهْمَا تَفْعَلْ أَصْبِرْ", "Apa pun yang kamu lakukan, aku akan bersabar" ], [ "مَتَى", "Waktu", "Kapan pun", "مَتَى تَجْتَهِدْ تَنْجَحْ", "Kapan pun kamu bersungguh-sungguh, kamu berhasil" ], [ "أَيَّانَ", "Waktu", "Kapan pun", "أَيَّانَ تَسْأَلْ أُجِبْكَ", "Kapan pun kamu bertanya, aku akan menjawabmu" ], [ "أَيْنَ", "Tempat", "Di mana pun", "أَيْنَ تَذْهَبْ أَذْهَبْ", "Ke mana pun kamu pergi, aku akan pergi" ], [ "أَيْنَمَا", "Tempat", "Di mana pun", "أَيْنَمَا تَكُنْ أَكُنْ مَعَكَ", "Di mana pun kamu berada, aku akan bersamamu" ], [ "أَنَّى", "Tempat atau keadaan", "Dari mana pun / bagaimanapun", "أَنَّى تَذْهَبْ أَتْبَعْكَ", "Ke mana pun kamu pergi, aku akan mengikutimu" ], [ "حَيْثُمَا", "Tempat", "Di mana pun", "حَيْثُمَا تَجْلِسْ أَجْلِسْ", "Di mana pun kamu duduk, aku akan duduk" ], [ "كَيْفَمَا", "Cara atau keadaan", "Bagaimanapun", "كَيْفَمَا تَصْنَعْ أَصْنَعْ", "Bagaimanapun kamu melakukannya, aku akan melakukannya" ], [ "إِذْمَا", "Syarat", "Apabila / jika", "إِذْمَا تَجْتَهِدْ تَنْجَحْ", "Jika kamu bersungguh-sungguh, kamu berhasil" ], [ "أَيٌّ", "Sesuai kata yang disandarkan kepadanya", "Mana pun / siapa pun / apa pun", "أَيَّ كِتَابٍ تَقْرَأْ تَسْتَفِدْ", "Buku apa pun yang kamu baca, kamu akan mendapat manfaat" ] ] } ], "DataTablesEng": [ { "EnglishName": "Main Contexts of the Jussive Imperfect", "RowsData": [ [ "Context", "Arabic Term", "Function", "Arabic Example", "English Meaning" ], [ "After لَمْ", "لَمْ", "Negates the occurrence of an action in the past", "لَمْ يَلِدْ", "He did not beget" ], [ "After the imperative lām", "لَامُ الْأَمْرِ", "Expresses a command or exhortation", "لِيَكْتُبْ", "Let him write" ], [ "After the prohibitive lā", "لَا النَّاهِيَةُ", "Expresses prohibition", "لَا تَشْرِكْ", "Do not associate partners" ], [ "Result of a request", "جَوَابُ الطَّلَبِ", "Expresses a result connected with a command, prohibition, supplication, or another request construction under appropriate conditions", "اِجْتَهِدْ تَنْجَحْ", "Work hard and you will succeed" ], [ "Conditional construction", "أُسْلُوبُ الشَّرْطِ الْجَازِمِ", "Places the conditional verb and, when applicable, a jussive imperfect result verb in the jussive mood", "إِنْ تَتَّقُوا يَغْفِرْ لَكُمْ", "If you are mindful, He will forgive you" ] ] }, { "EnglishName": "Jussive Markers on the Imperfect Verb", "RowsData": [ [ "Jussive Marker", "Condition", "Indicative Form", "Jussive Form", "Explanation" ], [ "Sukūn", "An imperfect verb ending in a sound consonant and not belonging to the five verbs", "يَكْتُبُ", "لَمْ يَكْتُبْ", "The final ḍammah is replaced by sukūn" ], [ "Deletion of a weak letter", "A final-weak imperfect verb", "يَدْعُو", "لَمْ يَدْعُ", "The final weak letter is deleted" ], [ "Deletion of nūn", "A verb belonging to al-af‘āl al-khamsah", "يَفْعَلُونَ", "لَمْ يَفْعَلُوا", "The nūn that serves as the inflectional marker is deleted" ] ] }, { "EnglishName": "Particles that Jussivize One Verb", "RowsData": [ [ "Particle", "Arabic Term", "Function", "Arabic Example", "English Meaning" ], [ "لَمْ", "حَرْفُ نَفْيٍ وَجَزْمٍ وَقَلْبٍ", "Negates an imperfect verb and gives it past-time reference", "لَمْ يَذْهَبْ", "He did not go" ], [ "لَمَّا", "حَرْفُ نَفْيٍ وَجَزْمٍ وَقَلْبٍ", "Indicates that an action has not occurred up to the relevant time", "لَمَّا يَأْتِ", "He has not come yet" ], [ "لَا النَّاهِيَةُ", "حَرْفُ نَهْيٍ وَجَزْمٍ", "Prohibits the addressee or another party from doing an action", "لَا تَكْذِبْ", "Do not lie" ], [ "لَامُ الْأَمْرِ", "لَامُ الْأَمْرِ", "Expresses a command or exhortation", "فَلْيَعْمَلْ", "Then let him act" ] ] }, { "EnglishName": "Jussive Conditional Tools", "RowsData": [ [ "Tool", "Semantic Type", "Brief Function", "Arabic Example", "English Meaning" ], [ "إِنْ", "General condition", "If", "إِنْ تَجْتَهِدْ تَنْجَحْ", "If you work hard, you succeed" ], [ "مَنْ", "Person", "Whoever", "مَنْ يَعْمَلْ خَيْرًا يُجْزَ بِهِ", "Whoever does good will be rewarded for it" ], [ "مَا", "Thing or action", "Whatever", "مَا تَفْعَلْ أَعْلَمْهُ", "Whatever you do, I know it" ], [ "مَهْمَا", "Any matter", "Whatever", "مَهْمَا تَفْعَلْ أَصْبِرْ", "Whatever you do, I will be patient" ], [ "مَتَى", "Time", "Whenever", "مَتَى تَجْتَهِدْ تَنْجَحْ", "Whenever you work hard, you succeed" ], [ "أَيَّانَ", "Time", "Whenever", "أَيَّانَ تَسْأَلْ أُجِبْكَ", "Whenever you ask, I will answer you" ], [ "أَيْنَ", "Place", "Wherever", "أَيْنَ تَذْهَبْ أَذْهَبْ", "Wherever you go, I will go" ], [ "أَيْنَمَا", "Place", "Wherever", "أَيْنَمَا تَكُنْ أَكُنْ مَعَكَ", "Wherever you are, I will be with you" ], [ "أَنَّى", "Place or manner", "From wherever / however", "أَنَّى تَذْهَبْ أَتْبَعْكَ", "Wherever you go, I will follow you" ], [ "حَيْثُمَا", "Place", "Wherever", "حَيْثُمَا تَجْلِسْ أَجْلِسْ", "Wherever you sit, I will sit" ], [ "كَيْفَمَا", "Manner or state", "However", "كَيْفَمَا تَصْنَعْ أَصْنَعْ", "However you do it, I will do it" ], [ "إِذْمَا", "Condition", "If / whenever", "إِذْمَا تَجْتَهِدْ تَنْجَحْ", "If you work hard, you succeed" ], [ "أَيٌّ", "Depends on the noun it is annexed to", "Whichever / whoever / whatever", "أَيَّ كِتَابٍ تَقْرَأْ تَسْتَفِدْ", "Whichever book you read, you will benefit" ] ] } ], "Penjelasan": [ { "IndoName": "Hanya berlaku pada fi‘il muḍāri‘", "EnglishName": "Applies only to imperfect verbs", "Description": "Mood jazm tidak berlaku pada fi‘il māḍī atau isim. Fi‘il muḍāri‘ dapat menjadi majzūm apabila terdapat amil atau konstruksi yang menjazmkannya.", "DescriptionEn": "The jussive mood does not apply to perfect verbs or nouns. An imperfect verb becomes jussive when it occurs with a governing particle or construction that requires the jussive.", "ArabicExamples": [ "لَمْ يَكْتُبْ", "لَا تَقُلْ" ], "IndoExamples": [ "Dia tidak menulis", "Jangan berkata" ], "EngExamples": [ "He did not write", "Do not say" ] }, { "IndoName": "Jazm dengan sukūn", "EnglishName": "Jussive marked by sukūn", "Description": "Sukūn menjadi tanda jazm pada fi‘il muḍāri‘ yang akhirannya huruf sehat dan tidak termasuk al-af‘āl al-khamsah.", "DescriptionEn": "Sukūn marks the jussive on an imperfect verb that ends in a sound consonant and does not belong to the five verbs.", "ArabicExamples": [ "لَمْ يَكْتُبْ", "لَا تَجْلِسْ" ], "IndoExamples": [ "Dia tidak menulis", "Jangan duduk" ], "EngExamples": [ "He did not write", "Do not sit" ] }, { "IndoName": "Jazm dengan penghapusan huruf ‘illah", "EnglishName": "Jussive marked by deletion of a weak letter", "Description": "Pada fi‘il muḍāri‘ mu‘tal al-ākhir, huruf ‘illah pada akhir fi‘il dihapus ketika fi‘il menjadi majzūm.", "DescriptionEn": "In a final-weak imperfect verb, the final weak letter is deleted when the verb becomes jussive.", "ArabicExamples": [ "لَمْ يَدْعُ", "لَمْ يَسْعَ", "لَمْ يَرْمِ" ], "IndoExamples": [ "Dia tidak berdoa", "Dia tidak berusaha", "Dia tidak melempar" ], "EngExamples": [ "He did not supplicate", "He did not strive", "He did not throw" ] }, { "IndoName": "Jazm dengan penghapusan nūn", "EnglishName": "Jussive marked by deletion of nūn", "Description": "Pada al-af‘āl al-khamsah, nūn yang menjadi tanda rafa‘ dihapus ketika fi‘il menjadi majzūm.", "DescriptionEn": "In the five verbs, the nūn that marks the indicative is deleted when the verb becomes jussive.", "ArabicExamples": [ "لَمْ يَفْعَلُوا", "لَا تَفْعَلِي", "لَمْ تَفْعَلَا" ], "IndoExamples": [ "Mereka tidak melakukan", "Jangan kamu lakukan (perempuan)", "Kalian berdua tidak melakukan" ], "EngExamples": [ "They did not do", "Do not do it (feminine singular)", "You two did not do" ] }, { "IndoName": "Jazm setelah alat yang menjazmkan satu fi‘il", "EnglishName": "Jussive after particles governing one verb", "Description": "Beberapa alat langsung menjazmkan satu fi‘il muḍāri‘ setelahnya, terutama لَمْ, لَمَّا, لَا النَّاهِيَةُ, dan لَامُ الْأَمْرِ.", "DescriptionEn": "Several particles directly place one following imperfect verb in the jussive, especially لَمْ, لَمَّا, the prohibitive لَا, and the imperative lām.", "ArabicExamples": [ "لَمْ يَذْهَبْ", "لَمَّا يَأْتِ", "فَلْيَعْمَلْ" ], "IndoExamples": [ "Dia tidak pergi", "Dia belum datang", "Maka hendaklah dia beramal" ], "EngExamples": [ "He did not go", "He has not come yet", "Then let him act" ] }, { "IndoName": "Jazm dalam kalimat syarat", "EnglishName": "Jussive in conditional constructions", "Description": "Alat syarat jāzim dapat menjazmkan fi‘il syarat dan jawab syarat apabila keduanya berupa fi‘il muḍāri‘ yang menerima jazm.", "DescriptionEn": "A jussive conditional tool may place both the conditional verb and the result verb in the jussive when both are imperfect verbs that can take the jussive.", "ArabicExamples": [ "إِنْ تَجْتَهِدْ تَنْجَحْ", "مَنْ يَعْمَلْ خَيْرًا يُجْزَ بِهِ" ], "IndoExamples": [ "Jika kamu bersungguh-sungguh, kamu berhasil", "Siapa yang berbuat baik akan diberi balasan karenanya" ], "EngExamples": [ "If you work hard, you succeed", "Whoever does good will be rewarded for it" ] }, { "IndoName": "Jazm pada jawaban dari tuntutan", "EnglishName": "Jussive as the result of a request", "Description": "Dalam kondisi tertentu, fi‘il muḍāri‘ pada jawaban dari perintah, larangan, pertanyaan, doa, atau bentuk tuntutan lain dapat menjadi majzūm apabila maknanya menunjukkan hasil yang bergantung pada tuntutan tersebut.", "DescriptionEn": "Under certain conditions, an imperfect verb used as the result of a command, prohibition, question, supplication, or another request construction may be jussive when it expresses a result dependent on that request.", "ArabicExamples": [ "اِجْتَهِدْ تَنْجَحْ", "لَا تُهْمِلْ تَنْجَحْ" ], "IndoExamples": [ "Bersungguh-sungguhlah, niscaya kamu berhasil", "Jangan lalai, niscaya kamu berhasil" ], "EngExamples": [ "Work hard and you will succeed", "Do not be negligent and you will succeed" ] } ] }