{
  "Type": "MOOD:SUBJ",
  "EnglishName": "Subjunctive Mood",
  "IndoName": "Fi‘il Muḍāri‘ Manṣūb (Naṣb)",
  "Description": "Menandai fi‘il muḍāri‘ yang berada dalam keadaan naṣb (مَنْصُوب). Naṣb hanya berlaku pada fi‘il muḍāri‘ dan terjadi karena masuknya unsur yang menashabkan, baik secara langsung maupun melalui أَنْ yang dipahami atau disembunyikan (أَنْ مُضْمَرَة). Tanda naṣb adalah fatḥah, baik yang tampak maupun yang diperkirakan, atau penghapusan nūn pada al-af‘āl al-khamsah. Naṣb dapat muncul dalam berbagai konteks seperti setelah أَنْ, لَنْ, كَيْ, إِذَنْ, lām tujuan, حَتَّى, fā’ sababiyyah, dan wāw ma‘iyyah sesuai dengan kaidah masing-masing.",
  "DescriptionEn": "Marks an imperfect verb (fi‘il muḍāri‘) in the subjunctive or naṣb state (مَنْصُوب). The subjunctive applies only to imperfect verbs and is triggered by governing elements, either directly or through an understood or elided أَنْ (أَنْ مُضْمَرَة). Its inflectional marker is fatḥah, whether overt or estimated, or the deletion of nūn in the five verbs (al-af‘āl al-khamsah). The subjunctive occurs in various constructions, including after أَنْ, لَنْ, كَيْ, إِذَنْ, the lām of purpose, حَتَّى, the causative fā’, and the wāw of accompaniment, according to the grammatical conditions of each construction.",
  "DataTables": [
    {
      "IndoName": "Konteks Utama Naṣb",
      "RowsData": [
        [
          "Konteks",
          "Istilah Arab",
          "Fungsi",
          "Contoh Arab",
          "Arti Indonesia"
        ],
        [
          "Setelah أَنْ",
          "أَنْ الْمَصْدَرِيَّةُ",
          "Membentuk konstruksi yang dapat ditakwil sebagai maṣdar",
          "أُرِيدُ أَنْ أَتَعَلَّمَ",
          "Aku ingin belajar"
        ],
        [
          "Setelah لَنْ",
          "لَنْ",
          "Menafikan perbuatan yang berkaitan dengan masa mendatang",
          "لَنْ أَفْعَلَ",
          "Aku tidak akan melakukannya"
        ],
        [
          "Setelah كَيْ",
          "كَيْ",
          "Menunjukkan tujuan",
          "أَدْرُسُ كَيْ أَنْجَحَ",
          "Aku belajar agar berhasil"
        ],
        [
          "Setelah إِذَنْ",
          "إِذَنْ",
          "Menunjukkan jawaban atau konsekuensi dengan syarat gramatikal tertentu",
          "إِذَنْ أُكْرِمَكَ",
          "Kalau begitu, aku akan memuliakanmu"
        ],
        [
          "Setelah lām tujuan",
          "لَامُ التَّعْلِيلِ",
          "Menunjukkan alasan atau tujuan suatu perbuatan",
          "جِئْتُ لِأَتَعَلَّمَ",
          "Aku datang untuk belajar"
        ],
        [
          "Setelah حَتَّى",
          "حَتَّى",
          "Menunjukkan batas atau tujuan dalam kondisi yang memungkinkan naṣb",
          "أَسِيرُ حَتَّى أَبْلُغَ الْبَيْتَ",
          "Aku berjalan hingga mencapai rumah"
        ],
        [
          "Setelah fā’ sababiyyah",
          "فَاءُ السَّبَبِيَّةِ",
          "Menunjukkan akibat setelah bentuk tuntutan atau penafian dengan syarat tertentu",
          "لَا تُهْمِلْ فَتَنْدَمَ",
          "Jangan lalai sehingga engkau menyesal"
        ],
        [
          "Setelah wāw ma‘iyyah",
          "وَاوُ الْمَعِيَّةِ",
          "Menunjukkan kebersamaan setelah konteks tertentu",
          "لَا تَأْكُلِ السَّمَكَ وَتَشْرَبَ اللَّبَنَ",
          "Jangan makan ikan sambil minum susu"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "IndoName": "Tanda Naṣb pada Fi‘il Muḍāri‘",
      "RowsData": [
        [
          "Tanda Naṣb",
          "Kondisi",
          "Bentuk Rafa‘",
          "Bentuk Manṣūb",
          "Penjelasan"
        ],
        [
          "Fatḥah ẓāhirah",
          "Fi‘il yang akhirnya dapat menampakkan fatḥah",
          "يَكْتُبُ",
          "لَنْ يَكْتُبَ",
          "Fatḥah tampak pada akhir fi‘il"
        ],
        [
          "Fatḥah ẓāhirah",
          "Fi‘il mu‘tal yang berakhir dengan wāw",
          "يَدْعُو",
          "لَنْ يَدْعُوَ",
          "Fatḥah tampak pada huruf wāw"
        ],
        [
          "Fatḥah ẓāhirah",
          "Fi‘il mu‘tal yang berakhir dengan yā’",
          "يَرْمِي",
          "لَنْ يَرْمِيَ",
          "Fatḥah tampak pada huruf yā’"
        ],
        [
          "Fatḥah muqaddarah",
          "Fi‘il mu‘tal yang berakhir dengan alif",
          "يَسْعَىٰ",
          "لَنْ يَسْعَىٰ",
          "Fatḥah diperkirakan pada alif karena tidak dapat ditampakkan"
        ],
        [
          "Penghapusan nūn",
          "Fi‘il termasuk al-af‘āl al-khamsah",
          "يَكْتُبُونَ",
          "لَنْ يَكْتُبُوا",
          "Nūn yang menjadi tanda rafa‘ dihapus ketika fi‘il menjadi manṣūb"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "IndoName": "Unsur yang Menashabkan Fi‘il Muḍāri‘",
      "RowsData": [
        [
          "Unsur",
          "Istilah / Jenis",
          "Cara Naṣb",
          "Fungsi Umum",
          "Contoh Arab"
        ],
        [
          "أَنْ",
          "أَنْ الْمَصْدَرِيَّةُ",
          "Langsung",
          "Membentuk maṣdar mu’awwal",
          "أَنْ أَعْبُدَ"
        ],
        [
          "لَنْ",
          "حَرْفُ نَفْيٍ وَنَصْبٍ وَاسْتِقْبَالٍ",
          "Langsung",
          "Penafian yang berkaitan dengan masa mendatang",
          "لَنْ نَفْعَلَ"
        ],
        [
          "كَيْ",
          "كَيْ",
          "Langsung atau menurut analisis gramatikal konstruksinya",
          "Tujuan atau alasan",
          "كَيْ تَعْلَمَ"
        ],
        [
          "إِذَنْ",
          "إِذَنْ",
          "Langsung apabila memenuhi syaratnya",
          "Jawaban dan konsekuensi",
          "إِذَنْ أُكْرِمَكَ"
        ],
        [
          "لِـ",
          "لَامُ التَّعْلِيلِ",
          "Dengan أَنْ مُضْمَرَة",
          "Tujuan atau alasan",
          "لِتَعْلَمَ"
        ],
        [
          "حَتَّى",
          "حَتَّى",
          "Dengan أَنْ مُضْمَرَة dalam konstruksi naṣb",
          "Batas atau tujuan",
          "حَتَّى تَبْلُغَ"
        ],
        [
          "فَـ",
          "فَاءُ السَّبَبِيَّةِ",
          "Dengan أَنْ مُضْمَرَة apabila syaratnya terpenuhi",
          "Akibat atau sebab-akibat",
          "لَا تُهْمِلْ فَتَنْدَمَ"
        ],
        [
          "وَ",
          "وَاوُ الْمَعِيَّةِ",
          "Dengan أَنْ مُضْمَرَة apabila syaratnya terpenuhi",
          "Kebersamaan",
          "لَا تَأْكُلِ السَّمَكَ وَتَشْرَبَ اللَّبَنَ"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "IndoName": "Bentuk Naṣb Menurut Akhir Fi‘il",
      "RowsData": [
        [
          "Jenis Fi‘il",
          "Tanda Naṣb",
          "Contoh Rafa‘",
          "Contoh Naṣb",
          "Keterangan"
        ],
        [
          "Ṣaḥīḥ al-ākhir",
          "Fatḥah ẓāhirah",
          "يَكْتُبُ",
          "أَنْ يَكْتُبَ",
          "Fatḥah tampak pada akhir fi‘il"
        ],
        [
          "Mu‘tal akhir dengan alif",
          "Fatḥah muqaddarah",
          "يَخْشَىٰ",
          "لَنْ يَخْشَىٰ",
          "Fatḥah tidak tampak karena akhir fi‘il berupa alif"
        ],
        [
          "Mu‘tal akhir dengan wāw",
          "Fatḥah ẓāhirah",
          "يَدْعُو",
          "لَنْ يَدْعُوَ",
          "Fatḥah tampak pada wāw"
        ],
        [
          "Mu‘tal akhir dengan yā’",
          "Fatḥah ẓāhirah",
          "يَرْمِي",
          "لَنْ يَرْمِيَ",
          "Fatḥah tampak pada yā’"
        ],
        [
          "Al-af‘āl al-khamsah",
          "Penghapusan nūn",
          "يَفْعَلُونَ",
          "لَنْ يَفْعَلُوا",
          "Nūn dihapus sebagai tanda naṣb"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "IndoName": "Perbedaan Rafa‘, Naṣb, dan Jazm",
      "RowsData": [
        [
          "Keadaan",
          "Istilah Arab",
          "Kondisi Umum",
          "Contoh",
          "Arti Indonesia"
        ],
        [
          "Rafa‘",
          "مَرْفُوع",
          "Tidak didahului unsur yang menashabkan atau menjazmkan",
          "يَكْتُبُ",
          "Dia menulis"
        ],
        [
          "Naṣb",
          "مَنْصُوب",
          "Didahului unsur atau konstruksi yang menyebabkan naṣb",
          "لَنْ يَكْتُبَ",
          "Dia tidak akan menulis"
        ],
        [
          "Jazm",
          "مَجْزُوم",
          "Didahului unsur atau konstruksi yang menyebabkan jazm",
          "لَمْ يَكْتُبْ",
          "Dia tidak menulis"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "DataTablesEng": [
    {
      "EnglishName": "Main Subjunctive Contexts",
      "RowsData": [
        [
          "Context",
          "Arabic Term",
          "Function",
          "Arabic Example",
          "English Meaning"
        ],
        [
          "After أَنْ",
          "أَنْ الْمَصْدَرِيَّةُ",
          "Forms a construction that can be interpreted as a verbal noun",
          "أُرِيدُ أَنْ أَتَعَلَّمَ",
          "I want to learn"
        ],
        [
          "After لَنْ",
          "لَنْ",
          "Negates an action associated with future time",
          "لَنْ أَفْعَلَ",
          "I will not do it"
        ],
        [
          "After كَيْ",
          "كَيْ",
          "Expresses purpose",
          "أَدْرُسُ كَيْ أَنْجَحَ",
          "I study in order to succeed"
        ],
        [
          "After إِذَنْ",
          "إِذَنْ",
          "Expresses a response or consequence under specific grammatical conditions",
          "إِذَنْ أُكْرِمَكَ",
          "Then I will honor you"
        ],
        [
          "After the lām of purpose",
          "لَامُ التَّعْلِيلِ",
          "Expresses the reason or purpose of an action",
          "جِئْتُ لِأَتَعَلَّمَ",
          "I came in order to learn"
        ],
        [
          "After حَتَّى",
          "حَتَّى",
          "Expresses a limit or purpose in constructions that license the subjunctive",
          "أَسِيرُ حَتَّى أَبْلُغَ الْبَيْتَ",
          "I walk until I reach the house"
        ],
        [
          "After the causative fā’",
          "فَاءُ السَّبَبِيَّةِ",
          "Expresses a consequence after certain requests or negative constructions",
          "لَا تُهْمِلْ فَتَنْدَمَ",
          "Do not be negligent, lest you regret it"
        ],
        [
          "After the wāw of accompaniment",
          "وَاوُ الْمَعِيَّةِ",
          "Expresses accompaniment under particular grammatical conditions",
          "لَا تَأْكُلِ السَّمَكَ وَتَشْرَبَ اللَّبَنَ",
          "Do not eat fish while drinking milk"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "EnglishName": "Subjunctive Markers on Imperfect Verbs",
      "RowsData": [
        [
          "Subjunctive Marker",
          "Condition",
          "Indicative Form",
          "Subjunctive Form",
          "Explanation"
        ],
        [
          "Overt fatḥah",
          "A verb whose final position can display fatḥah",
          "يَكْتُبُ",
          "لَنْ يَكْتُبَ",
          "Fatḥah is overtly pronounced on the final consonant"
        ],
        [
          "Overt fatḥah",
          "A weak-final verb ending in wāw",
          "يَدْعُو",
          "لَنْ يَدْعُوَ",
          "Fatḥah appears on the final wāw"
        ],
        [
          "Overt fatḥah",
          "A weak-final verb ending in yā’",
          "يَرْمِي",
          "لَنْ يَرْمِيَ",
          "Fatḥah appears on the final yā’"
        ],
        [
          "Estimated fatḥah",
          "A weak-final verb ending in alif",
          "يَسْعَىٰ",
          "لَنْ يَسْعَىٰ",
          "Fatḥah is grammatically estimated because it cannot appear on the final alif"
        ],
        [
          "Deletion of nūn",
          "The verb belongs to the five verbs",
          "يَكْتُبُونَ",
          "لَنْ يَكْتُبُوا",
          "The nūn that marks the indicative is deleted in the subjunctive"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "EnglishName": "Elements Governing the Subjunctive",
      "RowsData": [
        [
          "Element",
          "Term / Type",
          "Subjunctive Mechanism",
          "General Function",
          "Arabic Example"
        ],
        [
          "أَنْ",
          "أَنْ الْمَصْدَرِيَّةُ",
          "Direct",
          "Forms an interpreted verbal noun",
          "أَنْ أَعْبُدَ"
        ],
        [
          "لَنْ",
          "حَرْفُ نَفْيٍ وَنَصْبٍ وَاسْتِقْبَالٍ",
          "Direct",
          "Negation associated with future time",
          "لَنْ نَفْعَلَ"
        ],
        [
          "كَيْ",
          "كَيْ",
          "Direct or according to the grammatical analysis of the construction",
          "Purpose or reason",
          "كَيْ تَعْلَمَ"
        ],
        [
          "إِذَنْ",
          "إِذَنْ",
          "Direct when its grammatical conditions are fulfilled",
          "Response and consequence",
          "إِذَنْ أُكْرِمَكَ"
        ],
        [
          "لِـ",
          "لَامُ التَّعْلِيلِ",
          "Through an elided أَنْ",
          "Purpose or reason",
          "لِتَعْلَمَ"
        ],
        [
          "حَتَّى",
          "حَتَّى",
          "Through an elided أَنْ in a subjunctive construction",
          "Limit or purpose",
          "حَتَّى تَبْلُغَ"
        ],
        [
          "فَـ",
          "فَاءُ السَّبَبِيَّةِ",
          "Through an elided أَنْ when its conditions are fulfilled",
          "Cause and consequence",
          "لَا تُهْمِلْ فَتَنْدَمَ"
        ],
        [
          "وَ",
          "وَاوُ الْمَعِيَّةِ",
          "Through an elided أَنْ when its conditions are fulfilled",
          "Accompaniment",
          "لَا تَأْكُلِ السَّمَكَ وَتَشْرَبَ اللَّبَنَ"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "EnglishName": "Subjunctive Forms by Verb Ending",
      "RowsData": [
        [
          "Verb Type",
          "Subjunctive Marker",
          "Indicative Example",
          "Subjunctive Example",
          "Explanation"
        ],
        [
          "Sound-final verb",
          "Overt fatḥah",
          "يَكْتُبُ",
          "أَنْ يَكْتُبَ",
          "Fatḥah is overt on the final consonant"
        ],
        [
          "Weak-final verb ending in alif",
          "Estimated fatḥah",
          "يَخْشَىٰ",
          "لَنْ يَخْشَىٰ",
          "Fatḥah is not visible because the verb ends in alif"
        ],
        [
          "Weak-final verb ending in wāw",
          "Overt fatḥah",
          "يَدْعُو",
          "لَنْ يَدْعُوَ",
          "Fatḥah appears on the wāw"
        ],
        [
          "Weak-final verb ending in yā’",
          "Overt fatḥah",
          "يَرْمِي",
          "لَنْ يَرْمِيَ",
          "Fatḥah appears on the yā’"
        ],
        [
          "The five verbs",
          "Deletion of nūn",
          "يَفْعَلُونَ",
          "لَنْ يَفْعَلُوا",
          "Nūn is deleted as the subjunctive marker"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "EnglishName": "Indicative, Subjunctive, and Jussive",
      "RowsData": [
        [
          "State",
          "Arabic Term",
          "General Condition",
          "Example",
          "English Meaning"
        ],
        [
          "Indicative",
          "مَرْفُوع",
          "Not preceded by an element that causes the subjunctive or jussive",
          "يَكْتُبُ",
          "He writes"
        ],
        [
          "Subjunctive",
          "مَنْصُوب",
          "Governed by an element or construction that causes the subjunctive",
          "لَنْ يَكْتُبَ",
          "He will not write"
        ],
        [
          "Jussive",
          "مَجْزُوم",
          "Governed by an element or construction that causes the jussive",
          "لَمْ يَكْتُبْ",
          "He did not write"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "Penjelasan": [
    {
      "IndoName": "Hanya berlaku pada fi‘il muḍāri‘",
      "EngName": "Applies Only to Imperfect Verbs",
      "Description": "Naṣb sebagai mood atau keadaan i‘rāb fi‘il hanya berlaku pada fi‘il muḍāri‘. Fi‘il māḍī dan fi‘il amr tidak menjadi manṣūb dengan pengertian ini.",
      "DescriptionEn": "The subjunctive or naṣb as a verbal inflectional state applies only to imperfect verbs. Perfect and imperative verbs do not become subjunctive in this sense.",
      "ArabicExamples": [
        "لَنْ يَكْتُبَ",
        "أَنْ نَعْبُدَ"
      ],
      "IndoExamples": [
        "dia tidak akan menulis",
        "agar kami menyembah"
      ],
      "EngExamples": [
        "he will not write",
        "that we worship"
      ]
    },
    {
      "IndoName": "Fatḥah adalah tanda asal naṣb",
      "EngName": "Fatḥah Is the Primary Subjunctive Marker",
      "Description": "Tanda asal naṣb pada fi‘il muḍāri‘ adalah fatḥah. Fatḥah dapat tampak secara langsung atau diperkirakan apabila akhir fi‘il berupa alif.",
      "DescriptionEn": "The primary subjunctive marker on an imperfect verb is fatḥah. It may be overt or grammatically estimated when the verb ends in alif.",
      "ArabicExamples": [
        "لَنْ يَكْتُبَ",
        "لَنْ يَسْعَىٰ"
      ],
      "IndoExamples": [
        "dia tidak akan menulis",
        "dia tidak akan berusaha"
      ],
      "EngExamples": [
        "he will not write",
        "he will not strive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "IndoName": "Fatḥah diperkirakan pada akhir alif",
      "EngName": "Fatḥah Is Estimated on Final Alif",
      "Description": "Pada fi‘il mu‘tal yang berakhir dengan alif, bentuk tulisannya tidak berubah antara rafa‘ dan naṣb, tetapi tanda naṣbnya adalah fatḥah muqaddarah.",
      "DescriptionEn": "In a weak-final verb ending in alif, the written form does not change between the indicative and subjunctive, but its subjunctive marker is an estimated fatḥah.",
      "ArabicExamples": [
        "يَخْشَىٰ → لَنْ يَخْشَىٰ",
        "يَسْعَىٰ → أَنْ يَسْعَىٰ"
      ],
      "IndoExamples": [
        "ia takut → ia tidak akan takut",
        "ia berusaha → agar ia berusaha"
      ],
      "EngExamples": [
        "he fears → he will not fear",
        "he strives → that he strive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "IndoName": "Al-af‘āl al-khamsah dinashabkan dengan penghapusan nūn",
      "EngName": "The Five Verbs Take Subjunctive by Nūn Deletion",
      "Description": "Apabila fi‘il muḍāri‘ termasuk al-af‘āl al-khamsah, tanda naṣbnya adalah penghapusan nūn yang terdapat pada bentuk rafa‘.",
      "DescriptionEn": "When an imperfect verb belongs to the five verbs (al-af‘āl al-khamsah), its subjunctive marker is the deletion of the nūn found in the indicative form.",
      "ArabicExamples": [
        "يَفْعَلُونَ → لَنْ يَفْعَلُوا",
        "تَكْتُبِينَ → لَنْ تَكْتُبِي"
      ],
      "IndoExamples": [
        "mereka melakukan → mereka tidak akan melakukan",
        "engkau perempuan menulis → engkau tidak akan menulis"
      ],
      "EngExamples": [
        "they do → they will not do",
        "you feminine write → you will not write"
      ]
    },
    {
      "IndoName": "Huruf ‘illah tidak dihapus sebagai tanda naṣb",
      "EngName": "A Weak Letter Is Not Deleted as a Subjunctive Marker",
      "Description": "Berbeda dari jazm, penghapusan huruf ‘illah bukan tanda naṣb. Pada fi‘il yang berakhir dengan wāw atau yā’, fatḥah dapat tampak pada huruf tersebut, sedangkan pada akhir alif fatḥah diperkirakan.",
      "DescriptionEn": "Unlike the jussive, deletion of a weak letter is not a subjunctive marker. In verbs ending in wāw or yā’, fatḥah may appear on the weak letter, while on final alif the fatḥah is estimated.",
      "ArabicExamples": [
        "لَنْ يَدْعُوَ",
        "لَنْ يَرْمِيَ"
      ],
      "IndoExamples": [
        "dia tidak akan menyeru",
        "dia tidak akan melempar"
      ],
      "EngExamples": [
        "he will not call",
        "he will not throw"
      ]
    },
    {
      "IndoName": "Sebagian konstruksi menggunakan أَنْ yang disembunyikan",
      "EngName": "Some Constructions Involve an Elided أَنْ",
      "Description": "Tidak semua unsur sebelum fi‘il manṣūb menashabkannya secara langsung. Dalam konstruksi seperti lām ta‘līl, fā’ sababiyyah, dan wāw ma‘iyyah, naṣb dijelaskan melalui أَنْ مُضْمَرَة sesuai dengan syarat gramatikalnya.",
      "DescriptionEn": "Not every element preceding a subjunctive verb governs it directly. In constructions involving the lām of purpose, the causative fā’, and the wāw of accompaniment, the subjunctive is analyzed through an elided أَنْ according to the relevant grammatical conditions.",
      "ArabicExamples": [
        "جِئْتُ لِأَتَعَلَّمَ",
        "لَا تُهْمِلْ فَتَنْدَمَ"
      ],
      "IndoExamples": [
        "aku datang untuk belajar",
        "jangan lalai sehingga engkau menyesal"
      ],
      "EngExamples": [
        "I came in order to learn",
        "do not be negligent, lest you regret it"
      ]
    },
    {
      "IndoName": "Naṣb adalah kategori i‘rāb, bukan penanda waktu tunggal",
      "EngName": "The Subjunctive Is an Inflectional Category, Not a Single Tense",
      "Description": "Naṣb menjelaskan keadaan gramatikal fi‘il muḍāri‘. Makna seperti tujuan, penafian masa depan, akibat, atau kebersamaan berasal dari unsur dan konstruksi yang mengelilinginya, bukan dari naṣb saja.",
      "DescriptionEn": "The subjunctive describes the grammatical inflectional state of an imperfect verb. Meanings such as purpose, future negation, consequence, or accompaniment arise from the governing elements and constructions rather than from the subjunctive alone.",
      "ArabicExamples": [
        "لَنْ يَذْهَبَ",
        "كَيْ تَتَعَلَّمَ"
      ],
      "IndoExamples": [
        "dia tidak akan pergi",
        "agar engkau belajar"
      ],
      "EngExamples": [
        "he will not go",
        "so that you learn"
      ]
    }
  ]
}