{
  "Type": "PASS",
  "EnglishName": "Passive Voice",
  "IndoName": "Bentuk Pasif (Mabnī lil-Majhūl)",
  "Description": "Menandai voice pasif (مَبْنِيٌّ لِلْمَجْهُولِ), yaitu bentuk ketika pelaku perbuatan tidak dinyatakan sebagai subjek gramatikal dan unsur yang semula menjadi objek dapat menempati kedudukan nā'ib al-fā‘il (نَائِبُ الْفَاعِلِ). PASS merupakan lawan dari ACT atau voice aktif. Pada fi‘il māḍī, bentuk pasif umumnya ditandai dengan ḍammah pada huruf pertama dan kasrah pada huruf sebelum akhir, seperti كُتِبَ. Pada fi‘il muḍāri‘, bentuk pasif umumnya ditandai dengan ḍammah pada huruf muḍāra‘ah dan fatḥah pada huruf sebelum akhir, seperti يُكْتَبُ. Pada nomina turunan, kombinasi PASS PCPL menandai passive participle atau اِسْمُ مَفْعُولٍ.",
  "DescriptionEn": "Marks the passive voice (مَبْنِيٌّ لِلْمَجْهُولِ), in which the agent of an action is not expressed as the grammatical subject and an element corresponding to the object of the active construction may occupy the position of the نائب الفاعل (substitute subject of a passive verb). PASS contrasts with ACT, the active voice. In the perfect verb, the passive is generally marked by ḍammah on the first radical and kasrah on the penultimate radical, as in كُتِبَ. In the imperfect verb, it is generally marked by ḍammah on the imperfect prefix and fatḥah on the penultimate radical, as in يُكْتَبُ. In derived nominals, the combination PASS PCPL marks the passive participle (اِسْمُ مَفْعُولٍ).",
  "DataTables": [
    {
      "IndoName": "Bentuk Pasif pada Fi‘il",
      "RowsData": [
        [
          "Jenis Fi‘il",
          "Istilah Arab",
          "Kombinasi Fitur",
          "Kaidah Umum",
          "Contoh Arab",
          "Arti Indonesia"
        ],
        [
          "Fi‘il Māḍī",
          "فِعْلٌ مَاضٍ مَبْنِيٌّ لِلْمَجْهُولِ",
          "PERF PASS",
          "Huruf pertama umumnya berharakat ḍammah dan huruf sebelum akhir berharakat kasrah",
          "كُتِبَ",
          "telah ditulis"
        ],
        [
          "Fi‘il Muḍāri‘",
          "فِعْلٌ مُضَارِعٌ مَبْنِيٌّ لِلْمَجْهُولِ",
          "IMPF PASS",
          "Huruf muḍāra‘ah umumnya berharakat ḍammah dan huruf sebelum akhir berharakat fatḥah",
          "يُكْتَبُ",
          "ditulis"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "IndoName": "Perbedaan ACT dan PASS",
      "RowsData": [
        [
          "Fitur",
          "Istilah Arab",
          "Jenis Voice",
          "Penjelasan",
          "Contoh Arab",
          "Arti Indonesia"
        ],
        [
          "ACT",
          "مَبْنِيٌّ لِلْمَعْلُومِ",
          "Aktif",
          "Subjek gramatikal melakukan perbuatan",
          "كَتَبَ زَيْدٌ الْكِتَابَ",
          "Zaid menulis buku itu"
        ],
        [
          "PASS",
          "مَبْنِيٌّ لِلْمَجْهُولِ",
          "Pasif",
          "Pelaku tidak dinyatakan sebagai subjek dan unsur yang dikenai perbuatan menjadi pusat konstruksi",
          "كُتِبَ الْكِتَابُ",
          "buku itu ditulis"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "IndoName": "Nā'ib al-Fā‘il pada Konstruksi Pasif",
      "RowsData": [
        [
          "Unsur",
          "Istilah Arab",
          "Kedudukan",
          "Contoh Arab",
          "Penjelasan"
        ],
        [
          "Verba pasif",
          "فِعْلٌ مَبْنِيٌّ لِلْمَجْهُولِ",
          "Fi‘il yang pelakunya tidak dinyatakan",
          "خُلِقَ الْإِنْسَانُ",
          "خُلِقَ merupakan fi‘il māḍī pasif"
        ],
        [
          "Pengganti pelaku",
          "نَائِبُ الْفَاعِلِ",
          "Unsur marfū‘ yang menempati kedudukan subjek dalam konstruksi pasif",
          "خُلِقَ الْإِنْسَانُ",
          "الْإِنْسَانُ merupakan nā'ib al-fā‘il"
        ],
        [
          "Verba pasif muḍāri‘",
          "فِعْلٌ مُضَارِعٌ مَبْنِيٌّ لِلْمَجْهُولِ",
          "Fi‘il muḍāri‘ dalam voice pasif",
          "يُكْرَمُ الضَّيْفُ",
          "الضَّيْفُ merupakan nā'ib al-fā‘il"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "IndoName": "PASS pada Isim Maf‘ūl",
      "RowsData": [
        [
          "Fitur",
          "Istilah Arab",
          "Kategori",
          "Penjelasan",
          "Contoh Arab",
          "Arti Indonesia"
        ],
        [
          "PASS PCPL",
          "اِسْمُ مَفْعُولٍ",
          "Passive Participle",
          "Nomina atau sifat turunan yang menunjukkan sesuatu atau seseorang yang dikenai perbuatan",
          "مَكْتُوبٌ",
          "yang ditulis / tertulis"
        ],
        [
          "PASS PCPL",
          "اِسْمُ مَفْعُولٍ",
          "Passive Participle",
          "Dapat dibentuk dari verba transitif untuk menunjukkan objek atau penerima perbuatan",
          "مَقْتُولٌ",
          "yang dibunuh"
        ],
        [
          "PASS PCPL",
          "اِسْمُ مَفْعُولٍ",
          "Passive Participle",
          "Pada verba turunan, bentuknya mengikuti pola isim maf‘ūl yang sesuai dengan bentuk verbanya",
          "مُكَرَّمٌ",
          "yang dimuliakan"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "IndoName": "Contoh Perubahan Aktif Menjadi Pasif",
      "RowsData": [
        [
          "Aspek",
          "Bentuk Aktif",
          "Arti Aktif",
          "Bentuk Pasif",
          "Arti Pasif"
        ],
        [
          "Māḍī",
          "كَتَبَ",
          "dia menulis",
          "كُتِبَ",
          "telah ditulis"
        ],
        [
          "Māḍī",
          "قَتَلَ",
          "dia membunuh",
          "قُتِلَ",
          "telah dibunuh"
        ],
        [
          "Muḍāri‘",
          "يَكْتُبُ",
          "dia menulis",
          "يُكْتَبُ",
          "ditulis"
        ],
        [
          "Muḍāri‘",
          "يُكْرِمُ",
          "dia memuliakan",
          "يُكْرَمُ",
          "dimuliakan"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "DataTablesEng": [
    {
      "EnglishName": "Passive Forms of Verbs",
      "RowsData": [
        [
          "Verb Type",
          "Arabic Term",
          "Feature Combination",
          "General Rule",
          "Arabic Example",
          "English Meaning"
        ],
        [
          "Perfect Verb",
          "فِعْلٌ مَاضٍ مَبْنِيٌّ لِلْمَجْهُولِ",
          "PERF PASS",
          "The first radical generally takes ḍammah and the penultimate radical takes kasrah",
          "كُتِبَ",
          "was written"
        ],
        [
          "Imperfect Verb",
          "فِعْلٌ مُضَارِعٌ مَبْنِيٌّ لِلْمَجْهُولِ",
          "IMPF PASS",
          "The imperfect prefix generally takes ḍammah and the penultimate radical takes fatḥah",
          "يُكْتَبُ",
          "is written"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "EnglishName": "Difference between ACT and PASS",
      "RowsData": [
        [
          "Feature",
          "Arabic Term",
          "Voice",
          "Explanation",
          "Arabic Example",
          "English Meaning"
        ],
        [
          "ACT",
          "مَبْنِيٌّ لِلْمَعْلُومِ",
          "Active",
          "The grammatical subject performs the action",
          "كَتَبَ زَيْدٌ الْكِتَابَ",
          "Zayd wrote the book"
        ],
        [
          "PASS",
          "مَبْنِيٌّ لِلْمَجْهُولِ",
          "Passive",
          "The agent is not expressed as the grammatical subject, and the affected element becomes central to the construction",
          "كُتِبَ الْكِتَابُ",
          "the book was written"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "EnglishName": "The Substitute Subject in Passive Constructions",
      "RowsData": [
        [
          "Element",
          "Arabic Term",
          "Function",
          "Arabic Example",
          "Explanation"
        ],
        [
          "Passive verb",
          "فِعْلٌ مَبْنِيٌّ لِلْمَجْهُولِ",
          "A verb whose agent is not expressed",
          "خُلِقَ الْإِنْسَانُ",
          "خُلِقَ is a passive perfect verb"
        ],
        [
          "Substitute subject",
          "نَائِبُ الْفَاعِلِ",
          "A nominative element occupying the subject position in a passive construction",
          "خُلِقَ الْإِنْسَانُ",
          "الْإِنْسَانُ is the substitute subject"
        ],
        [
          "Passive imperfect verb",
          "فِعْلٌ مُضَارِعٌ مَبْنِيٌّ لِلْمَجْهُولِ",
          "An imperfect verb in the passive voice",
          "يُكْرَمُ الضَّيْفُ",
          "الضَّيْفُ is the substitute subject"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "EnglishName": "PASS in the Passive Participle",
      "RowsData": [
        [
          "Feature",
          "Arabic Term",
          "Category",
          "Explanation",
          "Arabic Example",
          "English Meaning"
        ],
        [
          "PASS PCPL",
          "اِسْمُ مَفْعُولٍ",
          "Passive Participle",
          "A derived noun or adjective referring to something or someone that undergoes an action",
          "مَكْتُوبٌ",
          "written"
        ],
        [
          "PASS PCPL",
          "اِسْمُ مَفْعُولٍ",
          "Passive Participle",
          "It may be derived from a transitive verb to refer to the object or recipient of the action",
          "مَقْتُولٌ",
          "killed"
        ],
        [
          "PASS PCPL",
          "اِسْمُ مَفْعُولٍ",
          "Passive Participle",
          "With derived verb forms, it follows the passive-participle pattern appropriate to the corresponding verb form",
          "مُكَرَّمٌ",
          "honored"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "EnglishName": "Examples of Active-to-Passive Transformation",
      "RowsData": [
        [
          "Aspect",
          "Active Form",
          "Active Meaning",
          "Passive Form",
          "Passive Meaning"
        ],
        [
          "Perfect",
          "كَتَبَ",
          "he wrote",
          "كُتِبَ",
          "was written"
        ],
        [
          "Perfect",
          "قَتَلَ",
          "he killed",
          "قُتِلَ",
          "was killed"
        ],
        [
          "Imperfect",
          "يَكْتُبُ",
          "he writes",
          "يُكْتَبُ",
          "is written"
        ],
        [
          "Imperfect",
          "يُكْرِمُ",
          "he honors",
          "يُكْرَمُ",
          "is honored"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "Penjelasan": [
    {
      "IndoName": "PASS menandai voice pasif",
      "EngName": "PASS marks the passive voice",
      "ArabicExamples": [
        "كُتِبَ",
        "يُكْتَبُ"
      ],
      "IndoExamples": [
        "telah ditulis",
        "ditulis"
      ],
      "EngExamples": [
        "was written",
        "is written"
      ]
    },
    {
      "IndoName": "Pelaku tidak dinyatakan sebagai subjek",
      "EngName": "The agent is not expressed as the subject",
      "ArabicExamples": [
        "قُتِلَ الرَّجُلُ",
        "كُتِبَ الْكِتَابُ"
      ],
      "IndoExamples": [
        "laki-laki itu dibunuh",
        "buku itu ditulis"
      ],
      "EngExamples": [
        "the man was killed",
        "the book was written"
      ]
    },
    {
      "IndoName": "Nā'ib al-fā‘il berstatus marfū‘",
      "EngName": "The substitute subject is nominative",
      "ArabicExamples": [
        "خُلِقَ الْإِنْسَانُ",
        "يُكْرَمُ الضَّيْفُ"
      ],
      "IndoExamples": [
        "manusia diciptakan",
        "tamu itu dimuliakan"
      ],
      "EngExamples": [
        "the human being was created",
        "the guest is honored"
      ]
    },
    {
      "IndoName": "PASS berlawanan dengan ACT",
      "EngName": "PASS contrasts with ACT",
      "ArabicExamples": [
        "كَتَبَ",
        "كُتِبَ"
      ],
      "IndoExamples": [
        "dia menulis",
        "telah ditulis"
      ],
      "EngExamples": [
        "he wrote",
        "was written"
      ]
    },
    {
      "IndoName": "Fi‘il māḍī memiliki pola pasif",
      "EngName": "The perfect verb has a passive pattern",
      "ArabicExamples": [
        "كُتِبَ",
        "قُتِلَ"
      ],
      "IndoExamples": [
        "telah ditulis",
        "telah dibunuh"
      ],
      "EngExamples": [
        "was written",
        "was killed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "IndoName": "Fi‘il muḍāri‘ memiliki pola pasif",
      "EngName": "The imperfect verb has a passive pattern",
      "ArabicExamples": [
        "يُكْتَبُ",
        "يُعَذَّبُ"
      ],
      "IndoExamples": [
        "ditulis",
        "disiksa"
      ],
      "EngExamples": [
        "is written",
        "is punished"
      ]
    },
    {
      "IndoName": "PASS PCPL menandai isim maf‘ūl",
      "EngName": "PASS PCPL marks the passive participle",
      "ArabicExamples": [
        "مَكْتُوبٌ",
        "مَقْتُولٌ"
      ],
      "IndoExamples": [
        "yang ditulis / tertulis",
        "yang dibunuh"
      ],
      "EngExamples": [
        "written",
        "killed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "IndoName": "Isim maf‘ūl berbeda dari fi‘il pasif",
      "EngName": "A passive participle differs from a passive verb",
      "ArabicExamples": [
        "مَكْتُوبٌ",
        "كُتِبَ"
      ],
      "IndoExamples": [
        "yang ditulis / tertulis",
        "telah ditulis"
      ],
      "EngExamples": [
        "written",
        "was written"
      ]
    }
  ]
}