{
  "Type": "PCPL",
  "EnglishName": "Participle",
  "IndoName": "Partisipel (Ism Fā‘il dan Ism Maf‘ūl)",
  "Description": "Menandai bentuk partisipel, yaitu isim turunan yang berasal dari fi‘il dan mempertahankan hubungan makna dengan perbuatan atau keadaan yang dinyatakan oleh fi‘il asalnya. PCPL digunakan bersama fitur voice: ACT PCPL menandai ism fā‘il (اِسْمُ الْفَاعِلِ), yaitu partisipel aktif yang pada dasarnya menunjukkan pelaku atau pihak yang mengalami keadaan; sedangkan PASS PCPL menandai ism maf‘ūl (اِسْمُ الْمَفْعُولِ), yaitu partisipel pasif yang menunjukkan pihak atau sesuatu yang dikenai perbuatan. Karena partisipel merupakan unsur nominal, bentuknya dapat mengalami perubahan gender, jumlah, definiteness, dan kasus sesuai kedudukannya dalam kalimat. Dalam analisis morfologi, partisipel dapat berkategori isim atau adjektiva sesuai fungsi dan konteksnya.",
  "DescriptionEn": "Marks a participle, a derived nominal formed from a verb while retaining a semantic relationship with the action or state expressed by the source verb. PCPL is used together with a voice feature: ACT PCPL marks the active participle (اِسْمُ الْفَاعِلِ), which basically denotes the performer of an action or the entity experiencing a state, while PASS PCPL marks the passive participle (اِسْمُ الْمَفْعُولِ), which denotes the entity affected by an action. Because participles are nominal elements, they may inflect for gender, number, definiteness, and case according to their syntactic position. In morphological analysis, a participle may function as a noun or an adjective depending on its context.",
  "Penjelasan": [
    {
      "IndoName": "Partisipel aktif atau ism fā‘il",
      "EngName": "Active participle or ism fā‘il",
      "Description": "ACT PCPL menunjukkan partisipel aktif. Bentuk ini pada dasarnya menunjukkan orang atau sesuatu yang melakukan perbuatan atau mengalami keadaan yang dinyatakan oleh fi‘il asalnya.",
      "DescriptionEn": "ACT PCPL marks an active participle. It basically denotes a person or entity that performs the action or experiences the state expressed by the source verb.",
      "ArabicExamples": [
        "عَابِدٌ",
        "مُؤْمِنٌ",
        "قَائِمٌ"
      ],
      "IndoExamples": [
        "orang yang beribadah",
        "orang yang beriman",
        "orang yang berdiri"
      ],
      "EngExamples": [
        "one who worships",
        "one who believes",
        "one who stands"
      ]
    },
    {
      "IndoName": "Partisipel pasif atau ism maf‘ūl",
      "EngName": "Passive participle or ism maf‘ūl",
      "Description": "PASS PCPL menunjukkan partisipel pasif. Bentuk ini pada dasarnya menunjukkan orang atau sesuatu yang dikenai atau menerima perbuatan dari fi‘il asalnya.",
      "DescriptionEn": "PASS PCPL marks a passive participle. It basically denotes a person or entity that is affected by or receives the action expressed by the source verb.",
      "ArabicExamples": [
        "مَكْتُوبٌ",
        "مَعْلُومٌ",
        "مُرْسَلٌ"
      ],
      "IndoExamples": [
        "yang ditulis",
        "yang diketahui",
        "yang diutus"
      ],
      "EngExamples": [
        "written",
        "known",
        "sent"
      ]
    },
    {
      "IndoName": "Mengikuti kaidah gender dan jumlah",
      "EngName": "Inflects for gender and number",
      "Description": "Sebagai bentuk nominal, partisipel dapat berubah menurut gender dan jumlah. Bentuknya dapat berupa mudzakkar atau muannats serta mufrad, mutsannā, atau jamak sesuai kaidah pembentukannya.",
      "DescriptionEn": "As a nominal form, a participle may vary according to gender and number. It may be masculine or feminine and singular, dual, or plural according to the applicable morphological rules.",
      "ArabicExamples": [
        "مُؤْمِنٌ",
        "مُؤْمِنَةٌ",
        "مُؤْمِنُونَ"
      ],
      "IndoExamples": [
        "seorang laki-laki yang beriman",
        "seorang perempuan yang beriman",
        "orang-orang laki-laki yang beriman"
      ],
      "EngExamples": [
        "a believing man",
        "a believing woman",
        "believing men"
      ]
    },
    {
      "IndoName": "I‘rāb mengikuti kedudukan dalam kalimat",
      "EngName": "Case follows syntactic position",
      "Description": "Partisipel yang mu‘rab dapat berstatus marfū‘, manṣūb, atau majrūr sesuai kedudukannya dalam kalimat. Perubahan kasus tidak mengubah statusnya sebagai partisipel.",
      "DescriptionEn": "A declinable participle may be nominative, accusative, or genitive according to its syntactic position in the sentence. Changes in case do not alter its status as a participle.",
      "ArabicExamples": [
        "قَائِمٌ",
        "قَائِمًا",
        "قَائِمٍ"
      ],
      "IndoExamples": [
        "قَائِمٌ dalam keadaan marfū‘",
        "قَائِمًا dalam keadaan manṣūb",
        "قَائِمٍ dalam keadaan majrūr"
      ],
      "EngExamples": [
        "قَائِمٌ in the nominative case",
        "قَائِمًا in the accusative case",
        "قَائِمٍ in the genitive case"
      ]
    },
    {
      "IndoName": "Dapat berfungsi sebagai isim atau sifat",
      "EngName": "May function as a noun or adjective",
      "Description": "Partisipel termasuk bentuk nominal dan dalam konteks kalimat dapat digunakan secara substantif sebagai isim atau secara atributif sebagai sifat.",
      "DescriptionEn": "A participle is a nominal form and may function substantivally as a noun or attributively as an adjective depending on the sentence context.",
      "ArabicExamples": [
        "جَاءَ الْمُؤْمِنُ",
        "رَجُلٌ مُؤْمِنٌ"
      ],
      "IndoExamples": [
        "Orang beriman itu datang",
        "seorang laki-laki yang beriman"
      ],
      "EngExamples": [
        "The believer came",
        "a believing man"
      ]
    },
    {
      "IndoName": "Dapat beramal seperti fi‘il asalnya",
      "EngName": "May govern like its source verb",
      "Description": "Dalam kondisi sintaksis tertentu, terutama pada ism fā‘il dan ism maf‘ūl, partisipel dapat beramal seperti fi‘il asalnya. Ism fā‘il dari fi‘il muta‘addī dapat menashabkan maf‘ūl bih, sedangkan ism maf‘ūl dapat mengangkat unsur yang berkedudukan sebagai nā'ib al-fā‘il.",
      "DescriptionEn": "Under certain syntactic conditions, especially with active and passive participles, a participle may govern elements in a manner similar to its source verb. An active participle derived from a transitive verb may govern a direct object, while a passive participle may govern an element corresponding to the نائب الفاعل.",
      "ArabicExamples": [
        "هَذَا ضَارِبٌ زَيْدًا",
        "أَمَضْرُوبٌ زَيْدٌ؟"
      ],
      "IndoExamples": [
        "Ini adalah orang yang memukul Zaid",
        "Apakah Zaid dipukul?"
      ],
      "EngExamples": [
        "This is one who strikes Zayd",
        "Is Zayd being struck?"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "DataTables": [
    {
      "IndoName": "Jenis Partisipel",
      "RowsData": [
        [
          "Kombinasi Fitur",
          "Istilah Arab",
          "Jenis",
          "Fungsi Dasar",
          "Contoh Arab",
          "Arti Indonesia"
        ],
        [
          "ACT PCPL",
          "اِسْمُ الْفَاعِلِ",
          "Partisipel Aktif",
          "Menunjukkan pelaku perbuatan atau pihak yang mengalami keadaan",
          "مُؤْمِنٌ",
          "orang yang beriman"
        ],
        [
          "PASS PCPL",
          "اِسْمُ الْمَفْعُولِ",
          "Partisipel Pasif",
          "Menunjukkan pihak atau sesuatu yang dikenai perbuatan",
          "مَكْتُوبٌ",
          "yang ditulis"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "IndoName": "Perubahan Partisipel sebagai Bentuk Nominal",
      "RowsData": [
        [
          "Fitur",
          "Kaidah",
          "Contoh",
          "Penjelasan"
        ],
        [
          "Gender",
          "Dapat berbentuk mudzakkar atau muannats",
          "مُؤْمِنٌ / مُؤْمِنَةٌ",
          "Bentuk menyesuaikan gender sesuai kaidah morfologi"
        ],
        [
          "Jumlah",
          "Dapat berbentuk mufrad, mutsannā, atau jamak",
          "مُؤْمِنٌ / مُؤْمِنَانِ / مُؤْمِنُونَ",
          "Bentuk dapat berubah menurut jumlah"
        ],
        [
          "Kasus",
          "Dapat berstatus marfū‘, manṣūb, atau majrūr",
          "قَائِمٌ / قَائِمًا / قَائِمٍ",
          "Kasus ditentukan oleh kedudukan sintaksis"
        ],
        [
          "Definiteness",
          "Dapat berbentuk ma‘rifah atau nakirah",
          "مُؤْمِنٌ / الْمُؤْمِنُ",
          "Definiteness mengikuti konstruksi nominal yang digunakan"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "IndoName": "Pola Dasar Partisipel",
      "RowsData": [
        [
          "Jenis",
          "Fi‘il Tsulāthī Mujarrad",
          "Fi‘il Mazīd",
          "Contoh",
          "Arti"
        ],
        [
          "Ism Fā‘il",
          "Umumnya mengikuti pola فَاعِلٌ",
          "Dibentuk dari muḍāri‘ dengan mengganti huruf muḍāra‘ah menjadi mīm berḍammah dan mengkasrahkan huruf sebelum akhir",
          "كَاتِبٌ / مُكْرِمٌ",
          "penulis / orang yang memuliakan"
        ],
        [
          "Ism Maf‘ūl",
          "Umumnya mengikuti pola مَفْعُولٌ",
          "Dibentuk dari muḍāri‘ pasif dengan mengganti huruf muḍāra‘ah menjadi mīm berḍammah",
          "مَكْتُوبٌ / مُكْرَمٌ",
          "yang ditulis / yang dimuliakan"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "IndoName": "Kedudukan PCPL dalam Fitur Morfologi",
      "RowsData": [
        [
          "Fitur",
          "Makna",
          "Contoh Kombinasi",
          "Hasil"
        ],
        [
          "PCPL",
          "Menandai derivasi partisipel",
          "ACT PCPL",
          "Ism fā‘il atau active participle"
        ],
        [
          "PCPL",
          "Menandai derivasi partisipel",
          "PASS PCPL",
          "Ism maf‘ūl atau passive participle"
        ],
        [
          "ACT",
          "Menandai voice aktif pada derivasi",
          "ACT PCPL",
          "Partisipel dengan makna aktif"
        ],
        [
          "PASS",
          "Menandai voice pasif pada derivasi",
          "PASS PCPL",
          "Partisipel dengan makna pasif"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "DataTablesEng": [
    {
      "EnglishName": "Types of Participles",
      "RowsData": [
        [
          "Feature Combination",
          "Arabic Term",
          "Type",
          "Basic Function",
          "Arabic Example",
          "English Meaning"
        ],
        [
          "ACT PCPL",
          "اِسْمُ الْفَاعِلِ",
          "Active Participle",
          "Denotes the performer of an action or the entity experiencing a state",
          "مُؤْمِنٌ",
          "one who believes"
        ],
        [
          "PASS PCPL",
          "اِسْمُ الْمَفْعُولِ",
          "Passive Participle",
          "Denotes the entity affected by an action",
          "مَكْتُوبٌ",
          "written"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "EnglishName": "Inflection of Participles as Nominal Forms",
      "RowsData": [
        [
          "Feature",
          "Rule",
          "Example",
          "Explanation"
        ],
        [
          "Gender",
          "May be masculine or feminine",
          "مُؤْمِنٌ / مُؤْمِنَةٌ",
          "The form varies according to grammatical gender"
        ],
        [
          "Number",
          "May be singular, dual, or plural",
          "مُؤْمِنٌ / مُؤْمِنَانِ / مُؤْمِنُونَ",
          "The form may vary according to number"
        ],
        [
          "Case",
          "May be nominative, accusative, or genitive",
          "قَائِمٌ / قَائِمًا / قَائِمٍ",
          "Case is determined by syntactic position"
        ],
        [
          "Definiteness",
          "May be definite or indefinite",
          "مُؤْمِنٌ / الْمُؤْمِنُ",
          "Definiteness follows the nominal construction in which it occurs"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "EnglishName": "Basic Participle Formation",
      "RowsData": [
        [
          "Type",
          "Basic Triliteral Verb",
          "Derived Verb",
          "Example",
          "Meaning"
        ],
        [
          "Active Participle",
          "Generally follows the pattern فَاعِلٌ",
          "Formed from the imperfect by replacing the imperfect prefix with mīm bearing ḍammah and placing kasrah on the penultimate radical",
          "كَاتِبٌ / مُكْرِمٌ",
          "writer / one who honors"
        ],
        [
          "Passive Participle",
          "Generally follows the pattern مَفْعُولٌ",
          "Formed from the passive imperfect by replacing the imperfect prefix with mīm bearing ḍammah",
          "مَكْتُوبٌ / مُكْرَمٌ",
          "written / honored"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "EnglishName": "Position of PCPL among Morphological Features",
      "RowsData": [
        [
          "Feature",
          "Meaning",
          "Example Combination",
          "Result"
        ],
        [
          "PCPL",
          "Marks participial derivation",
          "ACT PCPL",
          "Active participle or ism fā‘il"
        ],
        [
          "PCPL",
          "Marks participial derivation",
          "PASS PCPL",
          "Passive participle or ism maf‘ūl"
        ],
        [
          "ACT",
          "Marks active voice in the derivation",
          "ACT PCPL",
          "Participle with active meaning"
        ],
        [
          "PASS",
          "Marks passive voice in the derivation",
          "PASS PCPL",
          "Participle with passive meaning"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ]
}