{
  "Type": "PERF",
  "EnglishName": "Perfect Verb",
  "IndoName": "Fi‘il Māḍī (Verba Perfect)",
  "Description": "Menandai fi‘il māḍī atau verba perfect, yaitu bentuk verba yang memandang suatu perbuatan atau keadaan sebagai telah terjadi atau telah selesai. Bentuk ini umumnya digunakan untuk kejadian lampau, tetapi makna waktunya tetap ditentukan oleh konteks dan dapat digunakan dalam doa, pernyataan kepastian, pujian, celaan, atau konstruksi lain yang tidak selalu menunjuk masa lampau secara literal. Secara nahwu, fi‘il māḍī bersifat mabnī dan dapat dibangun di atas fatḥah, sukūn, atau ḍammah sesuai dengan unsur yang melekat padanya.",
  "DescriptionEn": "Marks the perfect verb (fi‘il māḍī), a verbal form that presents an action or state as having occurred or been completed. It commonly refers to a past event, although its temporal interpretation depends on context and it may also occur in supplications, statements of certainty, praise, blame, and other constructions that do not necessarily denote literal past time. Syntactically, the perfect verb is mabnī (indeclinable) and may be built on fatḥah, sukūn, or ḍammah depending on the element attached to it.",
  "DataTables": [
    {
      "IndoName": "Bentuk Bangunan Fi‘il Māḍī",
      "RowsData": [
        [
          "Jenis Bangunan",
          "Keadaan",
          "Contoh Arab",
          "Arti Indonesia"
        ],
        [
          "مَبْنِيٌّ عَلَى الْفَتْحِ",
          "Bentuk dasar atau tidak bersambung dengan unsur yang menyebabkan sukūn atau ḍammah",
          "نَصَرَ",
          "Dia telah menolong"
        ],
        [
          "مَبْنِيٌّ عَلَى السُّكُونِ",
          "Bersambung dengan تَاءُ الْفَاعِلِ",
          "كَتَبْتُ",
          "Aku telah menulis"
        ],
        [
          "مَبْنِيٌّ عَلَى السُّكُونِ",
          "Bersambung dengan نُونُ النِّسْوَةِ",
          "قُلْنَ",
          "Mereka (perempuan) telah berkata"
        ],
        [
          "مَبْنِيٌّ عَلَى السُّكُونِ",
          "Bersambung dengan نَا الْفَاعِلِينَ",
          "كَتَبْنَا",
          "Kami telah menulis"
        ],
        [
          "مَبْنِيٌّ عَلَى الضَّمِّ",
          "Bersambung dengan وَاوُ الْجَمَاعَةِ",
          "قَالُوا",
          "Mereka telah berkata"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "IndoName": "Penggunaan Fi‘il Māḍī",
      "RowsData": [
        [
          "Konteks",
          "Fungsi",
          "Contoh Arab",
          "Arti Indonesia"
        ],
        [
          "Kejadian lampau",
          "Menunjukkan perbuatan yang telah terjadi atau selesai",
          "جَاءَ زَيْدٌ",
          "Zaid telah datang"
        ],
        [
          "Dengan قَدْ",
          "Menegaskan atau menguatkan terjadinya perbuatan",
          "قَدْ فَازَ",
          "Sungguh dia telah menang"
        ],
        [
          "Doa",
          "Mengungkapkan doa atau permohonan",
          "غَفَرَ اللَّهُ لَكَ",
          "Semoga Allah mengampunimu"
        ],
        [
          "Pujian",
          "Mengungkapkan pujian dengan bentuk verba māḍī",
          "نِعْمَ الرَّجُلُ زَيْدٌ",
          "Sebaik-baik laki-laki adalah Zaid"
        ],
        [
          "Pasif",
          "Menunjukkan perbuatan perfect dalam bentuk pasif",
          "كُتِبَ الْكِتَابُ",
          "Buku itu telah ditulis"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "IndoName": "Dhamir Pelaku pada Fi‘il Māḍī",
      "RowsData": [
        [
          "Persona",
          "Jamak",
          "Ganda",
          "Tunggal"
        ],
        [
          "Orang Ketiga Laki-laki",
          "كَتَبُوا",
          "كَتَبَا",
          "كَتَبَ"
        ],
        [
          "Orang Ketiga Perempuan",
          "كَتَبْنَ",
          "كَتَبَتَا",
          "كَتَبَتْ"
        ],
        [
          "Orang Kedua Laki-laki",
          "كَتَبْتُمْ",
          "كَتَبْتُمَا",
          "كَتَبْتَ"
        ],
        [
          "Orang Kedua Perempuan",
          "كَتَبْتُنَّ",
          "كَتَبْتُمَا",
          "كَتَبْتِ"
        ],
        [
          "Orang Pertama",
          "كَتَبْنَا",
          "—",
          "كَتَبْتُ"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "DataTablesEng": [
    {
      "EnglishName": "Building Forms of the Perfect Verb",
      "RowsData": [
        [
          "Building Form",
          "Condition",
          "Arabic Example",
          "English Meaning"
        ],
        [
          "مَبْنِيٌّ عَلَى الْفَتْحِ",
          "Basic form or not attached to an element that requires sukūn or ḍammah",
          "نَصَرَ",
          "He helped"
        ],
        [
          "مَبْنِيٌّ عَلَى السُّكُونِ",
          "Attached to تَاءُ الْفَاعِلِ",
          "كَتَبْتُ",
          "I wrote"
        ],
        [
          "مَبْنِيٌّ عَلَى السُّكُونِ",
          "Attached to نُونُ النِّسْوَةِ",
          "قُلْنَ",
          "They (feminine) said"
        ],
        [
          "مَبْنِيٌّ عَلَى السُّكُونِ",
          "Attached to نَا الْفَاعِلِينَ",
          "كَتَبْنَا",
          "We wrote"
        ],
        [
          "مَبْنِيٌّ عَلَى الضَّمِّ",
          "Attached to وَاوُ الْجَمَاعَةِ",
          "قَالُوا",
          "They said"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "EnglishName": "Uses of the Perfect Verb",
      "RowsData": [
        [
          "Context",
          "Function",
          "Arabic Example",
          "English Meaning"
        ],
        [
          "Past event",
          "Indicates an action that has occurred or been completed",
          "جَاءَ زَيْدٌ",
          "Zayd came"
        ],
        [
          "With قَدْ",
          "Confirms or emphasizes that an action has occurred",
          "قَدْ فَازَ",
          "Indeed, he has succeeded"
        ],
        [
          "Supplication",
          "Expresses a prayer or supplication",
          "غَفَرَ اللَّهُ لَكَ",
          "May Allah forgive you"
        ],
        [
          "Praise",
          "Expresses praise using a perfect verbal form",
          "نِعْمَ الرَّجُلُ زَيْدٌ",
          "Zayd is an excellent man"
        ],
        [
          "Passive",
          "Expresses a perfect action in the passive voice",
          "كُتِبَ الْكِتَابُ",
          "The book was written"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "EnglishName": "Subject Pronouns with the Perfect Verb",
      "RowsData": [
        [
          "Person",
          "Plural",
          "Dual",
          "Singular"
        ],
        [
          "Third Person Masculine",
          "كَتَبُوا",
          "كَتَبَا",
          "كَتَبَ"
        ],
        [
          "Third Person Feminine",
          "كَتَبْنَ",
          "كَتَبَتَا",
          "كَتَبَتْ"
        ],
        [
          "Second Person Masculine",
          "كَتَبْتُمْ",
          "كَتَبْتُمَا",
          "كَتَبْتَ"
        ],
        [
          "Second Person Feminine",
          "كَتَبْتُنَّ",
          "كَتَبْتُمَا",
          "كَتَبْتِ"
        ],
        [
          "First Person",
          "كَتَبْنَا",
          "—",
          "كَتَبْتُ"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "Penjelasan": [
    {
      "IndoName": "Menunjukkan perbuatan atau keadaan yang telah terjadi atau selesai",
      "EngName": "Indicates an action or state viewed as having occurred or been completed",
      "ArabicExamples": [
        "جَاءَ زَيْدٌ",
        "كَتَبَ الطَّالِبُ"
      ],
      "IndoExamples": [
        "Zaid telah datang",
        "Pelajar itu telah menulis"
      ],
      "EngExamples": [
        "Zayd came",
        "The student wrote"
      ]
    },
    {
      "IndoName": "Fi‘il māḍī bersifat mabnī",
      "EngName": "The perfect verb is mabnī (indeclinable)",
      "ArabicExamples": [
        "نَصَرَ",
        "جَلَسَ"
      ],
      "IndoExamples": [
        "telah menolong",
        "telah duduk"
      ],
      "EngExamples": [
        "helped",
        "sat"
      ]
    },
    {
      "IndoName": "Dapat bersambung dengan dhamir yang menunjukkan pelaku",
      "EngName": "May take attached pronouns indicating the subject",
      "ArabicExamples": [
        "كَتَبْتُ",
        "كَتَبُوا"
      ],
      "IndoExamples": [
        "Aku telah menulis",
        "Mereka telah menulis"
      ],
      "EngExamples": [
        "I wrote",
        "They wrote"
      ]
    },
    {
      "IndoName": "Dapat digunakan dalam konteks kepastian, doa, pujian, atau celaan",
      "EngName": "May be used for certainty, supplication, praise, or blame",
      "ArabicExamples": [
        "قَدْ فَعَلَ",
        "رَحِمَكَ اللَّهُ",
        "نِعْمَ الرَّجُلُ"
      ],
      "IndoExamples": [
        "Sungguh dia telah melakukannya",
        "Semoga Allah merahmatimu",
        "Sebaik-baik laki-laki"
      ],
      "EngExamples": [
        "Indeed, he has done it",
        "May Allah have mercy on you",
        "What an excellent man"
      ]
    },
    {
      "IndoName": "Fi‘il māḍī pada bentuk dasarnya dibangun di atas fatḥah",
      "EngName": "The basic perfect verb is built on fatḥah",
      "ArabicExamples": [
        "نَصَرَ",
        "ذَهَبَ"
      ],
      "IndoExamples": [
        "telah menolong",
        "telah pergi"
      ],
      "EngExamples": [
        "helped",
        "went"
      ]
    },
    {
      "IndoName": "Fi‘il māḍī dibangun di atas sukūn ketika bersambung dengan tā’ al-fā‘il atau nūn an-niswah",
      "EngName": "The perfect verb is built on sukūn when attached to tā’ al-fā‘il or nūn an-niswah",
      "ArabicExamples": [
        "كَتَبْتُ",
        "قُلْنَ"
      ],
      "IndoExamples": [
        "Aku telah menulis",
        "Mereka (perempuan) telah berkata"
      ],
      "EngExamples": [
        "I wrote",
        "They (feminine) said"
      ]
    },
    {
      "IndoName": "Fi‘il māḍī juga dibangun di atas sukūn ketika bersambung dengan nā al-fā‘ilīn",
      "EngName": "The perfect verb is also built on sukūn when attached to nā al-fā‘ilīn",
      "ArabicExamples": [
        "كَتَبْنَا",
        "ذَهَبْنَا"
      ],
      "IndoExamples": [
        "Kami telah menulis",
        "Kami telah pergi"
      ],
      "EngExamples": [
        "We wrote",
        "We went"
      ]
    },
    {
      "IndoName": "Fi‘il māḍī dibangun di atas ḍammah ketika bersambung dengan wāw al-jamā‘ah",
      "EngName": "The perfect verb is built on ḍammah when attached to wāw al-jamā‘ah",
      "ArabicExamples": [
        "كَتَبُوا",
        "قَالُوا"
      ],
      "IndoExamples": [
        "Mereka telah menulis",
        "Mereka telah berkata"
      ],
      "EngExamples": [
        "They wrote",
        "They said"
      ]
    },
    {
      "IndoName": "Fi‘il māḍī aktif dapat merafa‘kan fā‘il dan menashabkan maf‘ūl bih",
      "EngName": "An active perfect verb may govern a nominative subject and an accusative direct object",
      "ArabicExamples": [
        "ضَرَبَ زَيْدٌ عَمْرًا"
      ],
      "IndoExamples": [
        "Zaid telah memukul Amr"
      ],
      "EngExamples": [
        "Zayd struck Amr"
      ]
    },
    {
      "IndoName": "قَدْ sebelum fi‘il māḍī dapat menegaskan terjadinya perbuatan",
      "EngName": "قَدْ before a perfect verb may emphasize that the action has occurred",
      "ArabicExamples": [
        "قَدْ جَاءَ زَيْدٌ"
      ],
      "IndoExamples": [
        "Sungguh Zaid telah datang"
      ],
      "EngExamples": [
        "Indeed, Zayd has come"
      ]
    },
    {
      "IndoName": "Makna waktu fi‘il māḍī ditentukan oleh konteks",
      "EngName": "The temporal interpretation of the perfect verb is determined by context",
      "ArabicExamples": [
        "سَافَرَ الرَّجُلُ",
        "غَفَرَ اللَّهُ لَكَ"
      ],
      "IndoExamples": [
        "Orang itu telah bepergian",
        "Semoga Allah mengampunimu"
      ],
      "EngExamples": [
        "The man traveled",
        "May Allah forgive you"
      ]
    },
    {
      "IndoName": "Fi‘il māḍī sering digunakan untuk menyusun rangkaian peristiwa dalam narasi",
      "EngName": "The perfect verb is frequently used to sequence events in narrative",
      "ArabicExamples": [
        "قَالَ رَبِّ",
        "جَاءَ الْمَلَكُ"
      ],
      "IndoExamples": [
        "Dia berkata: Wahai Tuhanku",
        "Malaikat itu telah datang"
      ],
      "EngExamples": [
        "He said: My Lord",
        "The angel came"
      ]
    }
  ]
}