{
  "Type": "+VOC, +n:EMPH, A:EQ+, A:INTG+, SP:<in~, SP:kaAd, SP:kaAn",
  "EnglishName": "Special Particles",
  "ArabicName": "الْحُرُوفُ وَالْأَفْعَالُ الْخَاصَّةُ",
  "ArabicNameFullHarakat": "الْحُرُوفُ وَالْأَفْعَالُ الْخَاصَّةُ",
  "IndoName": "Partikel Khusus",
  "Description": "Merangkum partikel dan verba khusus yang memberi fungsi panggilan, penegasan, pertanyaan, penyamaan, serta perubahan pada susunan isim dan khabar.",
  "DescriptionEn": "Summarizes special particles and verbs that mark address, emphasis, interrogation, equalization, or changes in noun-predicate constructions.",
  "DataTables": [
    {
      "ArabicName": "الْجُزَيْئَاتُ الْخَاصَّةُ",
      "ArabicNameFullHarakat": "الْجُزَيْئَاتُ الْخَاصَّةُ",
      "IndoName": "Daftar Partikel Khusus",
      "RowsData": [
        [
          "Tipe",
          "Contoh Arab",
          "Arti Indonesia"
        ],
        [
          "Nida",
          "مَّ",
          "Seruan / panggilan"
        ],
        [
          "NunTau",
          "ا ، نَّ ، نِ ، نِّ",
          "Penegasan / penguatan makna"
        ],
        [
          "Setara",
          "ءَ ، أَ",
          "Penyetaraan / sama saja"
        ],
        [
          "TndTny",
          "ءَ ، أَ",
          "Partikel tanya (apakah)"
        ],
        [
          "Inna",
          "أَ ، ءِنَّ ، أَنَّ ، أَنِّ ، إِنَّ ، إِنِّ ، ئِنَّ ، أَنَّمَآ ، كَأَنَّ ، لَا ، لَّا ، لَآ ، لَّآ ، لَعَلَّ ، لَعَلِّ ، لَّعَلَّ ، لَّعَلِّ ، لَّٰكِنَّ ، لَٰكِنَّ ، لَٰكِنِّ ، لَيْتَ ، وَيْكَأَنَّ",
          "Sesungguhnya / bahwa / seakan-akan / tetapi / andai saja / mudah-mudahan"
        ],
        [
          "Kaada",
          "أَكَادُ ، تَكَادُ ، عَسَى ، عَسَىٰ ، عَسَيْ ، كَادَ ، كَادُ ، كَادَتْ ، كِد ، يَكَادُ ، يَكَدْ",
          "Hampir terjadi / nyaris / harapan"
        ],
        [
          "Kaana",
          "أَصْبَحَ ، أَصْبَحُ ، أَصْبَحْ ، أَصْبَحَتْ ، أَكُ ، أَكُن ، أَكُنۢ ، أَكُونَ ، إِن ، تُصْبِحَ ، تُصْبِحُ ، تَكُ ، تَكُن ، تَكُنۢ ، تَكُنْ ، تَكُونَ ، تَكُونُ ، دَامُ ، دُمْ ، صَبَّحَ ، كُ ، كَانَ ، كَانُ ، كَانَت ، كَانَتِ ، كَانَتْ ، كُن ، كُونُ ، كُونِ ، لَا ، لَّا ، لَسْ ، لَّسْ ، لَيْسَ ، لَيْسُ ، لَّيْسَ ، لَّيْسُ ، لَيْسَتِ ، مَا ، مَآ ، نَكُ ، نَكُن ، نَكُونَ ، نَّكُونَ ، يُصْبِحَ ، يُصْبِحُ ، يَكُ ، يَكُن ، يَكُنِ ، يَكُنْ ، يَكُونً ، يَكُونَ ، يَكُونُ",
          "Adalah / menjadi / berada dalam keadaan / tidak atau bukan, Penanda Keadaan Subjek"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "DataTablesEng": [
    {
      "EngName": "Special Particle List",
      "RowsData": [
        [
          "Type",
          "Arabic Examples",
          "English Meaning"
        ],
        [
          "+VOC",
          "مَّ",
          "Vocative or direct address"
        ],
        [
          "+n:EMPH",
          "ا ، نَّ ، نِ ، نِّ",
          "Emphasis or strengthening of meaning"
        ],
        [
          "A:EQ+",
          "ءَ ، أَ",
          "Equalization: either outcome is treated as the same"
        ],
        [
          "A:INTG+",
          "ءَ ، أَ",
          "Interrogative particle: whether or is it"
        ],
        [
          "SP:<in~",
          "أَ ، ءِنَّ ، أَنَّ ، أَنِّ ، إِنَّ ، إِنِّ ، ئِنَّ ، أَنَّمَآ ، كَأَنَّ ، لَا ، لَّا ، لَآ ، لَّآ ، لَعَلَّ ، لَعَلِّ ، لَّعَلَّ ، لَّعَلِّ ، لَّٰكِنَّ ، لَٰكِنَّ ، لَٰكِنِّ ، لَيْتَ ، وَيْكَأَنَّ",
          "Indeed, that, as if, but, if only, or perhaps"
        ],
        [
          "SP:kaAd",
          "أَكَادُ ، تَكَادُ ، عَسَى ، عَسَىٰ ، عَسَيْ ، كَادَ ، كَادُ ، كَادَتْ ، كِد ، يَكَادُ ، يَكَدْ",
          "An event nearly happening, proximity, or hope"
        ],
        [
          "SP:kaAn",
          "أَصْبَحَ ، أَصْبَحُ ، أَصْبَحْ ، أَصْبَحَتْ ، أَكُ ، أَكُن ، أَكُنۢ ، أَكُونَ ، إِن ، تُصْبِحَ ، تُصْبِحُ ، تَكُ ، تَكُن ، تَكُنۢ ، تَكُنْ ، تَكُونَ ، تَكُونُ ، دَامُ ، دُمْ ، صَبَّحَ ، كُ ، كَانَ ، كَانُ ، كَانَت ، كَانَتِ ، كَانَتْ ، كُن ، كُونُ ، كُونِ ، لَا ، لَّا ، لَسْ ، لَّسْ ، لَيْسَ ، لَيْسُ ، لَّيْسَ ، لَّيْسُ ، لَيْسَتِ ، مَا ، مَآ ، نَكُ ، نَكُن ، نَكُونَ ، نَّكُونَ ، يُصْبِحَ ، يُصْبِحُ ، يَكُ ، يَكُن ، يَكُنِ ، يَكُنْ ، يَكُونً ، يَكُونَ ، يَكُونُ",
          "To be, become, remain in a state, or express negation"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "Children": [
    {
      "Type": "SP:<in~",
      "EnglishName": "Inna and Its Sisters",
      "ArabicName": "إِنَّ وَأَخَوَاتُهَا",
      "ArabicNameFullHarakat": "إِنَّ وَأَخَوَاتُهَا",
      "IndoName": "Inna dan Saudara-saudaranya",
      "Penjelasan": [
        {
          "ArabicName": "ينصب الاسم",
          "ArabicNameFullHarakat": "يَنْصِبُ الِاسْمَ",
          "IndoName": "Menjadikan Isimnya Nasab",
          "EngName": "Makes its noun accusative",
          "ArabicExamples": [
            "إِنَّ",
            "أَنَّ"
          ],
          "IndoExamples": [
            "Isim setelah إِنَّ menjadi manshub",
            "Isim setelah أَنَّ menjadi manshub"
          ],
          "EngExamples": [
            "The noun after إِنَّ is accusative",
            "The noun after أَنَّ is accusative"
          ]
        },
        {
          "ArabicName": "يرفع الخبر",
          "ArabicNameFullHarakat": "يَرْفَعُ الْخَبَرَ",
          "IndoName": "Mempertahankan Khabarnya Rafa‘",
          "EngName": "Keeps its predicate nominative",
          "ArabicExamples": [
            "إِنَّ"
          ],
          "IndoExamples": [
            "Khabar marfu‘"
          ],
          "EngExamples": [
            "The predicate is nominative"
          ]
        },
        {
          "ArabicName": "اسمها منصوب وخبرها مرفوع",
          "ArabicNameFullHarakat": "اِسْمُهَا مَنْصُوبٌ وَخَبَرُهَا مَرْفُوعٌ",
          "IndoName": "Kaidah Dasar Inna dan Saudara-saudaranya",
          "EngName": "Basic rule of inna and its sisters",
          "ArabicExamples": [
            "إِنَّ",
            "لَٰكِنَّ",
            "لَيْتَ",
            "لَعَلَّ",
            "كَأَنَّ"
          ],
          "IndoExamples": [
            "Pada إِنَّ, isim manshub dan khabar marfu‘",
            "Pada لَٰكِنَّ, isim manshub dan khabar marfu‘",
            "Pada لَيْتَ, isim manshub dan khabar marfu‘",
            "Pada لَعَلَّ, isim manshub dan khabar marfu‘",
            "Pada كَأَنَّ, isim manshub dan khabar marfu‘"
          ],
          "EngExamples": [
            "With إِنَّ, the noun is accusative and the predicate nominative",
            "With لَٰكِنَّ, the noun is accusative and the predicate nominative",
            "With لَيْتَ, the noun is accusative and the predicate nominative",
            "With لَعَلَّ, the noun is accusative and the predicate nominative",
            "With كَأَنَّ, the noun is accusative and the predicate nominative"
          ]
        },
        {
          "ArabicName": "يفيد التوكيد",
          "ArabicNameFullHarakat": "يُفِيدُ التَّوْكِيدَ",
          "IndoName": "Menyatakan Penegasan",
          "EngName": "Expresses emphasis",
          "ArabicExamples": [
            "إِنَّ"
          ],
          "IndoExamples": [
            "Menegaskan pernyataan"
          ],
          "EngExamples": [
            "Emphasizes the statement"
          ]
        },
        {
          "ArabicName": "يفيد الاستدراك",
          "ArabicNameFullHarakat": "يُفِيدُ الِاسْتِدْرَاكَ",
          "IndoName": "Menyatakan Pertentangan atau Koreksi",
          "EngName": "Expresses contrast or correction",
          "ArabicExamples": [
            "لَٰكِنَّ",
            "لَّٰكِنَّ"
          ],
          "IndoExamples": [
            "لَٰكِنَّ menyatakan koreksi atau pertentangan",
            "لَّٰكِنَّ menyatakan koreksi atau pertentangan"
          ],
          "EngExamples": [
            "لَٰكِنَّ expresses correction or contrast",
            "لَّٰكِنَّ expresses correction or contrast"
          ]
        },
        {
          "ArabicName": "يفيد التمني والترجي",
          "ArabicNameFullHarakat": "يُفِيدُ التَّمَنِّيَ وَالتَّرَجِّيَ",
          "IndoName": "Menyatakan Angan-angan atau Harapan",
          "EngName": "Expresses wish or hope",
          "ArabicExamples": [
            "لَيْتَ",
            "لَعَلَّ"
          ],
          "IndoExamples": [
            "لَيْتَ menyatakan angan-angan: andai saja",
            "لَعَلَّ menyatakan harapan: mudah-mudahan"
          ],
          "EngExamples": [
            "لَيْتَ expresses a wish: if only",
            "لَعَلَّ expresses hope: perhaps"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "Type": "SP:kaAd",
      "EnglishName": "Kaada / Asaa Group",
      "ArabicName": "أَفْعَالُ الْمُقَارَبَةِ وَالرَّجَاءِ",
      "ArabicNameFullHarakat": "أَفْعَالُ الْمُقَارَبَةِ وَالرَّجَاءِ",
      "IndoName": "Kelompok Kāda / ‘Asā",
      "Penjelasan": [
        {
          "ArabicName": "يدل على المقاربة",
          "ArabicNameFullHarakat": "يَدُلُّ عَلَى الْمُقَارَبَةِ",
          "IndoName": "Menyatakan Kejadian yang Hampir Terjadi",
          "EngName": "Expresses proximity",
          "ArabicExamples": [
            "كَادَ",
            "يَكَادُ",
            "يَكَدْ"
          ],
          "IndoExamples": [
            "كَادَ menunjukkan kejadian yang hampir terjadi",
            "يَكَادُ menunjukkan kejadian yang hampir terjadi",
            "يَكَدْ menunjukkan kejadian yang hampir terjadi dalam bentuk majzum"
          ],
          "EngExamples": [
            "كَادَ indicates that an event nearly happened",
            "يَكَادُ indicates that an event nearly happens",
            "يَكَدْ indicates near occurrence in the jussive form"
          ]
        },
        {
          "ArabicName": "يدل على الرجاء",
          "ArabicNameFullHarakat": "يَدُلُّ عَلَى الرَّجَاءِ",
          "IndoName": "Menyatakan Harapan",
          "EngName": "Expresses hope",
          "ArabicExamples": [
            "عَسَى",
            "عَسَىٰ",
            "عَسَيْ"
          ],
          "IndoExamples": [
            "عَسَى menyatakan harapan atau kemungkinan",
            "عَسَىٰ menyatakan harapan atau kemungkinan",
            "عَسَيْ menyatakan harapan atau kemungkinan"
          ],
          "EngExamples": [
            "عَسَى expresses hope or possibility",
            "عَسَىٰ expresses hope or possibility",
            "عَسَيْ expresses hope or possibility"
          ]
        },
        {
          "ArabicName": "يفيد قرب الوقوع",
          "ArabicNameFullHarakat": "يُفِيدُ قُرْبَ الْوُقُوعِ",
          "IndoName": "Menunjukkan Peristiwa Akan Segera Terjadi",
          "EngName": "Indicates an event is about to occur",
          "ArabicExamples": [
            "كَادَ",
            "يَكَادُ"
          ],
          "IndoExamples": [
            "كَادَ menunjukkan peristiwa nyaris terjadi",
            "يَكَادُ menunjukkan peristiwa nyaris terjadi"
          ],
          "EngExamples": [
            "كَادَ indicates that the event nearly happened",
            "يَكَادُ indicates that the event nearly happens"
          ]
        },
        {
          "ArabicName": "يقيد زمن الفعل",
          "ArabicNameFullHarakat": "يُقَيِّدُ زَمَنَ الْفِعْلِ",
          "IndoName": "Memberi Nuansa Aspek pada Fi‘il",
          "EngName": "Qualifies the aspect of the verb",
          "ArabicExamples": [
            "كَادَ",
            "عَسَى"
          ],
          "IndoExamples": [
            "كَادَ mengarahkan makna pada kedekatan terjadinya peristiwa",
            "عَسَى mengarahkan makna pada harapan atau kemungkinan"
          ],
          "EngExamples": [
            "كَادَ gives the event an aspect of near occurrence",
            "عَسَى gives the event a sense of hope or possibility"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "Type": "SP:kaAn",
      "EnglishName": "Kaana and Its Sisters",
      "ArabicName": "كَانَ وَأَخَوَاتُهَا",
      "ArabicNameFullHarakat": "كَانَ وَأَخَوَاتُهَا",
      "IndoName": "Kāna dan Saudara-saudaranya",
      "Penjelasan": [
        {
          "ArabicName": "يرفع الاسم",
          "ArabicNameFullHarakat": "يَرْفَعُ الِاسْمَ",
          "IndoName": "Menjadikan Isimnya Rafa‘",
          "EngName": "Makes its noun nominative",
          "ArabicExamples": [
            "كَانَ",
            "لَيْسَ",
            "أَصْبَحَ"
          ],
          "IndoExamples": [
            "Isim setelah كَانَ tetap marfu‘",
            "Isim setelah لَيْسَ tetap marfu‘",
            "Isim setelah أَصْبَحَ tetap marfu‘"
          ],
          "EngExamples": [
            "The noun after كَانَ remains nominative",
            "The noun after لَيْسَ remains nominative",
            "The noun after أَصْبَحَ remains nominative"
          ]
        },
        {
          "ArabicName": "ينصب الخبر",
          "ArabicNameFullHarakat": "يَنْصِبُ الْخَبَرَ",
          "IndoName": "Menjadikan Khabarnya Nasab",
          "EngName": "Makes its predicate accusative",
          "ArabicExamples": [
            "كَانَ",
            "لَيْسَ"
          ],
          "IndoExamples": [
            "Khabar كَانَ menjadi manshub",
            "Khabar لَيْسَ menjadi manshub"
          ],
          "EngExamples": [
            "The predicate of كَانَ is accusative",
            "The predicate of لَيْسَ is accusative"
          ]
        },
        {
          "ArabicName": "اسمها مرفوع وخبرها منصوب",
          "ArabicNameFullHarakat": "اِسْمُهَا مَرْفُوعٌ وَخَبَرُهَا مَنْصُوبٌ",
          "IndoName": "Kaidah Dasar Kāna dan Saudara-saudaranya",
          "EngName": "Basic rule of kāna and its sisters",
          "ArabicExamples": [
            "كَانَ",
            "لَيْسَ",
            "أَصْبَحَ",
            "دَامَ"
          ],
          "IndoExamples": [
            "Pada كَانَ, isim marfu‘ dan khabar manshub",
            "Pada لَيْسَ, isim marfu‘ dan khabar manshub",
            "Pada أَصْبَحَ, isim marfu‘ dan khabar manshub",
            "Pada دَامَ, isim marfu‘ dan khabar manshub"
          ],
          "EngExamples": [
            "With كَانَ, the noun is nominative and the predicate accusative",
            "With لَيْسَ, the noun is nominative and the predicate accusative",
            "With أَصْبَحَ, the noun is nominative and the predicate accusative",
            "With دَامَ, the noun is nominative and the predicate accusative"
          ]
        },
        {
          "ArabicName": "يفيد الزمان والحال",
          "ArabicNameFullHarakat": "يُفِيدُ الزَّمَانَ وَالْحَالَ",
          "IndoName": "Menyatakan Waktu atau Keadaan",
          "EngName": "Expresses time or state",
          "ArabicExamples": [
            "كَانَ",
            "أَصْبَحَ"
          ],
          "IndoExamples": [
            "كَانَ memberi latar waktu atau keadaan",
            "أَصْبَحَ menunjukkan keadaan atau perubahan pada waktu pagi"
          ],
          "EngExamples": [
            "كَانَ supplies a time or state setting",
            "أَصْبَحَ marks a state or change associated with morning"
          ]
        },
        {
          "ArabicName": "يفيد النفي مع ليس",
          "ArabicNameFullHarakat": "يُفِيدُ النَّفْيَ مَعَ لَيْسَ",
          "IndoName": "Menyatakan Penafian dengan Laisa",
          "EngName": "Expresses negation with laysa",
          "ArabicExamples": [
            "لَيْسَ",
            "لَيْسَتِ"
          ],
          "IndoExamples": [
            "لَيْسَ menyatakan tidak atau bukan",
            "لَيْسَتِ menyatakan tidak atau bukan untuk bentuk feminin"
          ],
          "EngExamples": [
            "لَيْسَ expresses not or is not",
            "لَيْسَتِ expresses not or is not with a feminine form"
          ]
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "Penjelasan": [
    {
      "Type": "+VOC",
      "ArabicName": "أَدَاةُ النِّدَاءِ",
      "ArabicNameFullHarakat": "أَدَاةُ النِّدَاءِ",
      "IndoName": "Penanda Panggilan Langsung",
      "EngName": "Direct Address Marker",
      "KeyMeaning": "Nida menandai unsur panggilan yang mengarahkan ucapan kepada pihak tertentu. Unsur panggilan membentuk munādā, yaitu pihak yang dipanggil; bentuk dan i‘rāb munādā ditentukan oleh jenis susunannya. Dalam corpus, bentuk permukaan dapat menyatu atau mengalami perubahan rasm, sehingga fungsi panggilan ditentukan oleh key, bukan hanya rupa hurufnya.",
      "KeyMeaningEn": "Nidā’ marks a vocative element that directs speech to a particular addressee. The vocative construction forms a munādā, the person or entity being called; its form and case depend on the construction. Surface forms may merge or vary in Quranic orthography, so the vocative function is identified by its type, not only by the visible letters.",
      "ArabicExamples": [
        "يَا أَيُّهَا"
      ],
      "IndoExamples": [
        "يَا membuka panggilan, sedangkan unsur sesudahnya menunjukkan pihak yang dituju."
      ],
      "EngExamples": [
        "يَا opens the address, while the following element identifies the addressee."
      ]
    },
    {
      "Type": "+n:EMPH",
      "ArabicName": "نُونُ التَّوْكِيد",
      "ArabicNameFullHarakat": "نُونُ التَّوْكِيد",
      "IndoName": "Penanda Penegasan Kuat",
      "EngName": "Strong Emphasis Marker",
      "KeyMeaning": "NunTau menandai nūn taukīd yang melekat pada akhir fi‘il untuk menguatkan kepastian atau tuntutan tindakan. Nūn ini bukan penanda pelaku; ia menambahkan penegasan kuat dan dapat memengaruhi bentuk akhir fi‘il. Bedakan dari nūn yang menjadi bagian akar atau akhiran persona.",
      "KeyMeaningEn": "The emphatic nūn attaches to the end of a verb to strengthen certainty or the demand for an action. It is not a subject marker; it adds strong emphasis and may affect the verb's ending. It must be distinguished from nūn belonging to the root or a person suffix.",
      "ArabicExamples": [
        "لَيَفْعَلَنَّ"
      ],
      "IndoExamples": [
        "نَّ menegaskan bahwa tindakan benar-benar akan atau harus dilakukan."
      ],
      "EngExamples": [
        "نَّ emphasizes that the action will certainly occur or must be performed."
      ]
    },
    {
      "Type": "A:EQ+",
      "ArabicName": "أَدَاةُ التَّسْوِيَة",
      "ArabicNameFullHarakat": "أَدَاةُ التَّسْوِيَة",
      "IndoName": "Penyamaan Dua Pilihan",
      "EngName": "Equalization of Two Alternatives",
      "KeyMeaning": "Setara menandai hamzah taswiyah yang menyamakan dua kemungkinan, lazim dalam pola yang bermakna ‘sama saja apakah … atau …’. Fungsinya bukan meminta jawaban, melainkan menyatakan bahwa hasil atau sikap terhadap kedua pilihan tetap sama.",
      "KeyMeaningEn": "The equalization hamza places two alternatives on equal footing, commonly in a pattern meaning ‘it is the same whether … or …’. It does not request an answer; it states that the outcome or attitude toward either alternative is the same.",
      "ArabicExamples": [
        "سَوَاءٌ عَلَيْهِمْ أَأَنْذَرْتَهُمْ"
      ],
      "IndoExamples": [
        "Hamzah setelah سَوَاءٌ memperkenalkan salah satu dari dua keadaan yang dipandang setara."
      ],
      "EngExamples": [
        "The hamza after سَوَاءٌ introduces one of two alternatives treated as equal."
      ]
    },
    {
      "Type": "A:INTG+",
      "ArabicName": "أَدَاةُ الِاسْتِفْهَام",
      "ArabicNameFullHarakat": "أَدَاةُ الِاسْتِفْهَام",
      "IndoName": "Penanda Pertanyaan",
      "EngName": "Interrogative Marker",
      "KeyMeaning": "TndTny menandai hamzah istifhām yang membuka pertanyaan ‘apakah’. Dalam ayat, pertanyaan dapat benar-benar meminta jawaban atau berfungsi retoris untuk menegur, menyangkal, menegaskan, dan mengajak berpikir. Makna retoris ditentukan oleh konteks kalimat.",
      "KeyMeaningEn": "The interrogative hamza opens a yes-no question. In a verse, the question may genuinely request an answer or work rhetorically to rebuke, deny, emphasize, or prompt reflection. Its rhetorical force is determined by context.",
      "ArabicExamples": [
        "أَأَنْتَ قُلْتَ"
      ],
      "IndoExamples": [
        "Hamzah pertama membentuk pertanyaan: ‘apakah engkau yang mengatakan?’"
      ],
      "EngExamples": [
        "The first hamza forms the question: ‘Was it you who said this?’"
      ]
    },
    {
      "Type": "SP:<in~",
      "ArabicName": "أَدَاةٌ خَاصَّة",
      "ArabicNameFullHarakat": "أَدَاةٌ خَاصَّة",
      "IndoName": "Partikel Berfungsi Khusus",
      "EngName": "Special-Function Particle",
      "KeyMeaning": "TndaKhs mencakup kelompok partikel khusus seperti إِنَّ, أَنَّ, كَأَنَّ, لَٰكِنَّ, لَيْتَ, dan لَعَلَّ. Kelompok ini masuk pada kalimat nominal: isimnya berstatus Naṣb dan khabarnya Rafa‘, sementara maknanya berbeda-beda—penegasan, ‘bahwa’, perumpamaan, koreksi, harapan, atau angan-angan. Bentuk spesifik pada ayat harus diperiksa sebelum menentukan terjemahannya.",
      "KeyMeaningEn": "This type covers special particles such as إِنَّ, أَنَّ, كَأَنَّ, لَٰكِنَّ, لَيْتَ, and لَعَلَّ. They enter a nominal sentence, making their noun accusative while their predicate remains nominative. Their meanings vary between emphasis, ‘that’, comparison, contrast, hope, and wish, so the particular form in the verse must be checked before translating it.",
      "ArabicExamples": [
        "إِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ",
        "لَعَلَّكُمْ تُفْلِحُونَ"
      ],
      "IndoExamples": [
        "Pada إِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ, اللَّهَ menjadi isim inna yang Naṣb dan غَفُورٌ menjadi khabarnya yang Rafa‘.",
        "لَعَلَّ memberi makna harapan; كُمْ adalah dhamir yang menjadi isimnya."
      ],
      "EngExamples": [
        "In إِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ, اللَّهَ is the accusative noun of inna and غَفُورٌ is its nominative predicate.",
        "لَعَلَّ expresses hope; كُمْ is the pronoun serving as its noun."
      ]
    },
    {
      "Type": "SP:kaAd",
      "ArabicName": "كَادَ",
      "ArabicNameFullHarakat": "كَادَ",
      "IndoName": "Peristiwa Hampir Terjadi",
      "EngName": "An Event Nearly Occurs",
      "KeyMeaning": "Kd.Hmp menandai verba pendekatan atau harapan seperti كَادَ dan عَسَى. كَادَ menunjukkan peristiwa nyaris terjadi, sedangkan عَسَى menunjukkan harapan atau kemungkinan. Verba ini bekerja pada susunan subjek dan khabar; khabarnya lazim berupa fi‘il muḍāri‘, sehingga pembaca harus membedakan ‘hampir terjadi’ dari ‘diharapkan terjadi’.",
      "KeyMeaningEn": "This type marks verbs of proximity or hope such as كَادَ and عَسَى. كَادَ indicates that an event nearly happens, whereas عَسَى expresses hope or possibility. These verbs govern a subject and predicate, and their predicate is commonly an imperfect verb, so ‘nearly happened’ must be distinguished from ‘is hoped to happen’.",
      "ArabicExamples": [
        "يَكَادُ الْبَرْقُ يَخْطَفُ",
        "عَسَى اللَّهُ أَنْ يَتُوبَ"
      ],
      "IndoExamples": [
        "يَكَادُ menunjukkan kilat hampir menyambar.",
        "عَسَى menunjukkan harapan bahwa Allah menerima tobat."
      ],
      "EngExamples": [
        "يَكَادُ indicates that the lightning nearly snatches away sight.",
        "عَسَى expresses hope that Allah will accept repentance."
      ]
    },
    {
      "Type": "SP:kaAn",
      "ArabicName": "كَانَ",
      "ArabicNameFullHarakat": "كَانَ",
      "IndoName": "Penanda Keadaan Subjek",
      "EngName": "Subject-State Marker",
      "KeyMeaning": "Kn.Sbj menandai kāna dan kelompoknya, yaitu verba yang masuk pada kalimat nominal untuk memberi informasi waktu, perubahan, keberlangsungan, atau penafian keadaan. Isim kāna tetap Rafa‘, sedangkan khabarnya menjadi Naṣb. كَانَ sering memberi latar waktu lampau, أَصْبَحَ perubahan/keadaan pada pagi hari, دَامَ keberlangsungan, dan لَيْسَ penafian ‘bukan/tidak’.",
      "KeyMeaningEn": "This type marks kāna and its sisters, verbs that enter a nominal sentence to express time, change, continuity, or negation of a state. The noun of kāna remains nominative while its predicate becomes accusative. كَانَ often supplies a past-time setting, أَصْبَحَ a change or morning state, دَامَ continuity, and لَيْسَ negation.",
      "ArabicExamples": [
        "كَانَ اللَّهُ غَفُورًا",
        "لَيْسَ اللَّهُ بِغَافِلٍ"
      ],
      "IndoExamples": [
        "Pada كَانَ اللَّهُ غَفُورًا, اللَّهُ adalah isim kāna yang Rafa‘ dan غَفُورًا khabarnya yang Naṣb.",
        "لَيْسَ menafikan keadaan; بِ pada khabarnya dapat menjadi bā’ tambahan yang menguatkan penafian."
      ],
      "EngExamples": [
        "In كَانَ اللَّهُ غَفُورًا, اللَّهُ is the nominative noun of kāna and غَفُورًا is its accusative predicate.",
        "لَيْسَ negates a state; بِ in its predicate may be an additional bā’ that strengthens the negation."
      ]
    }
  ]
}